Eco-compensation Mechanism Of The Pearl River Basin

With the high-speed development of economy, the environmental pressure of resource doubles. Ecological protection becomes primary task of sustainable development of present economics and society, to promote the harmonious development between human being and nature, as is also a basic demand of Scientific Development View which the Sixth and third Conference of Chinese Communist Party has forward clearly. But because of the limitations of commercial development and relevant policies, ecological protection areas and those that make great contribution for ecological protection generally relatively backward, and need one new mechanism to solve those problems that unbalance between its contribution and its repayment. The basin as a completely natural region, usually is divided by different administrative division. The local authority of the economical interest relatively independent, its economical activity generally take local benefit as its guidance, then inevitably product conflicts between various administrative division. There are inconsistent contradictions that executor is not beneficiary between the upstream and downstream area, specially in ecological environment improvement and economical development. So needs to establish the regional eco-compensation mechanism, various administrative divisions of the basin altogether to win and to share, impels the basin to develop.Regarding the Pearl River Basin as the research object, adopting the research approach of the real example, this text has carried on preliminary research of the setting-up of the Pearl River Basin Eco-compensation Mechanism. Now Pearl River in fact belongs to"the public goods", but the development does not permit disastrous"the male tragedy"phenomenon to occur. Ecological protection of the Pearl River basin faces some problems such as eco-compensation Mechanism unclear, regional cooperation power and responsibility unclear, state financial investment insufficient and so on. This article take the Pearl River Basin as a model, carries on the preliminary discussion to the eco-compensation mechanism of crossing region river, analysis questions by economical way, proposes preliminary solution, provides the reference to the government.Guided by the theory of sustainable development, eco-economy, resource and environment economy. This article has applied the following methodologies of document collection, data analysis, survey of spot. From the opportunity cost angle and the ecology service value angle and the water rights transaction angle, the article estimates the amount of the Pearl River Basin eco-compensation. This article has analyzed the massive material, unifies the situation of the Pearl River Basin, summarizes that through collecting eco-compensation tax, establishing basin eco-compensation special fund, implementing credit preferential benefit, introduction overseas fund project to enlarge the government's invest; Through establishing pollution discharge transaction system, establishing water rights transaction policy to introduce the market mechanism collects compensation fund. This article also proposed some new viewpoint such as the establishment ecology compensation joint conference system, the introduction inter-provincial water quality cross section connection standard, the talents exchange is also the compensation way, the introduction community participation, eco-compensation is unified with farmer and so on.This article has analyzed the Pearl River Basin Eco-compensation mechanism's compensational main body and the object, the compensational economic dimension, the compensation fund. The primary coverage divided into following several parts: 1. eco-compensation's theosophical foundation. Take the theory of environment resources value, the economical exterior innate disposition, the public product as foundation, discuss the basin eco-compensation principle, the basin eco-compensation standard, the basin eco-compensation way, as well as the necessity of establishing the basin eco-compensation mechanism. 2. The Pearl River Basin Eco-compensation implementation and subject matter. The article has analyzed Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi eco-compensation implementation separately. The article points out the Pearl River Basin eco-compensation mechanism exist following questions: the compensational way is unitary, the market compensatory regime was not still mature; the compensational way is simple; the division lacks coordination; the compensational standard hard to determine; related legal regime operate difficultly.3.How to construct the Pearl River Basin Eco-compensation mechanism, mainly analyzes the compensational way and the compensational standard, the specified amount. The article proposes that perfect laws and regulations, implement green GDP calculation, establish and perfect basin management mechanism. These ways can enlarge the investment of government: collect eco-compensation tax, establish basin eco-compensation special fund, implement the credit preferential benefit, introduce oversea fund project. The article also proposes that introduce the market mechanism to collect compensational fund: establish pollution discharge transaction system, establish water right transaction. At last the article elaborate the basin"different to develop", community participate compensation, intelligence compensation.