On The Research Of Mechanism Of Ecological Compensation Of The West Line Project Of South-to-North Water Division

The South-to-north water diversion project is a huge hydropower project of world rank that our country is constructing after the Three Gorges Project. The west line project is an important part of south-to-north water diversion project, which is going to solve the more and more serious problem of lacking water in Qinghai, Gansu, Lingxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Shanxi in Huanghe basin by transferring the water of Dadu river of upper Yangtze river, branch of Yalongjiang river and the Tongtian river of upper Jinshajiang to the upper Huanghe. The meaning of project is self-evident. The west line project of south-to-north water diversion is going to start up. Some place will surely benefit from the water division, and this will inevitably concern the corresponding problem which relates to the compensation relationship between the trunk stream and branch of Yangtze River. But, even up till now, there is no complete ecological compensation mechanism. And the problem of calculating and allocating compensation benefits crossing basin is far from resolution.This article puts forward the concept, features, principles and theoretical foundation of ecological compensation from undertaking the research of ecological compensation theory. The ecological compensation is a system, which is to protect and improve the ecological system; to protect the biological diversity; to keep the natural balance; to safeguard the ecological safety and satisfy the mankind' needs of ecological society and maintainable development. It requires that we do compensation to the action and activities that can do harm to the ecology environment, irritate people to decrease the harm to natural resources and ecology environment and encourage the action of protecting resources. The ecological compensation mechanism is an environmental economy policy, which is to protect the ecology environment; to improve the harmony between the mankind and the nature; to adjust the benefits relationship of different groups relating to the ecology environment protection and construction by using the administrative means and marketing means according to the values of ecological system service, the cost of ecology protection and development chance. This article constructs a frame of ecological compensation of the west line of south -to north water division and its mode of practice on the base of studying the present ecological compensation's situation of crossing basin's water division and its effect to the environment combining the concrete situation of the west line of south-to-north water division. The general frame of practice is to define the regions for compensation at first; then to define the party of paying and the party of deriving benefits; to analyze the main corresponding resources; to appraise the values of corresponding resources; to define the ways of compensation; to define the amount of money and carry out the ecological compensation. This article put forwards that an intermediary organization should be constructed in order to ensure the fair and just compensation. And its main function is to help to decide the quantity and scale of resources; to negotiate the ways of compensation and confirm the amount of money of compensation. It confirms seven usual ways that can be used in the south-to-north water division project. It concludes the calculating model of compensation standard of general investment of ecology protection and construction by simultaneously analyzing the cost of ecology protection and construction.Besides, the compensation of the first phase project of the south-to-north water division to the area of diverting water should include the compensation of ecology protection and construction and the compensation of economical profit and loss because of water division by the quantitative and qualitative analysis to the amount of money of compensation. The compensation of profit and loss of power generation will be 74237 million Yuan per year.The west line of south-to-north water division is a comparative typical project of water division of crossing basin, and the research achievements can supply the guidance and the use of references for the research of ecological compensation of other water division projects of crossing basin.