On Governments' Role And Functions In Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism

With the development of our country's economy, the pressure on watershed ecological environment has been continually increasing for humans'living and work. In order to protect watershed ecological environment, the upper areas invest more human and material resources than lower areas do. They lose some develop chances for more development construction and obligation, which brings the conflicts between watershed environmental protection and economical interests, between Watershed Ecological Construction Workers and Beneficiaries, between the upper and lower areas.Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism ensures the equity between the upper and power area when they use watershed resource, by targeting the balance between Watershed Ecological Construction Workers and Beneficiaries'economical interests through lower areas'making up for upper areas.And because Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism is a multi-level,huge and complicated mechanism which covers wide areas, we should study the role and functions of governments in the mechanism seriously, which is the base of establishment and guarantee of operation.The paper is targeted to clear the governments'role in the mechanism, answer the question that mechanism should be lead by government or market, and indentify the roles and relationship between central and local governments for building reasonable operation rules and efficient methods.After the literature review and analysis of relevant articles and papers in China and abroad, this paper analyzed the definition,characterizes and current situations of"watershed". Then, it defined watershed ecological compensation on the basis of review of differences among definitions in relevant articles, and took use of theories in view of law and other majors. In accordance with practices in China and abroad, the thesis designed the framework of governments'role in the mechanism, reasoned government-led watershed ecological compensation mechanism. In addition, it indentified separate roles of central and local governments, and introduced central government-led national watershed and local government-led across-district and inner-administration watershed ecological compensation. In the end, by exploring other roles of central and local governments in the mechanism, the importance of cooperation between them had been highlighted.