Study On The Vegetation Types And Re-vegetation And Restoration In The Opencast Coal Mine Of Huolinhe

The opencast coal mine of Huolinhe which is one of China's five largest opencast coal mine and cover the biggest area, is in the city of Huo Lin Guo Le, Zhelimumeng of Inner Mongolia. The Coal mining bring a great economic benefits to the local, but cause a serious damage to the local ecological environment and horrible threat to the sustainable development of ecosystems and the livestock economy. This paper studed the relationships between botanic flora, geographical elements, the main grassland characteristics, plant distribution and topography, soils, furthermore, the effect of opencast coal mining, air pollution, transportation and refuse-dump on the grassland environment was analyzed. And supply the reasonable suggestions for restoration and reconstruction of vegetation in the opencast coal mine of Huolinhe.Through the investigation and preliminary statistics of plant resources in the Huolinghe opencast coal mine, the flore of this area consists 306 species belonging to 51 families and 183 genera. Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae and Rosaceae accounted for about half of the total and there are 56 species belonging to Compositae which is the biggest familie. Most of the constructive specie belong to Artemisia, Filifolium of Compositae and Stipa, Aneurolepidium and Cleistogenes of Gramineae. Basis on secies composition of cmmunity, morphology, geographical distribution, ecological environment etc.,the vegetation was divided into 22 kinds and according to soil fertility, physical properties, ecological environment etc., the soil was divided into 22 kinds.Basis on the analysis of the physiognomy, the terrain, the soil and the vegetation etc. environmental and ecological factors of the coal mine, there are 6 site types, mountain region(â… ),platform mound(â…¡),kong au to(III),terrace(â…£),beach srrand(â…¤),sandy(â…¥), and then according to the terrain factor and the movement of the sandy,â… ,â…¡,â…¢were divided into 2 kinds separately, sunny slope and semi-sunny slope mountain region(â… a),semi-shady slope and shady slope mountain region(â… b),the upper of platform mound(â…¡a), the lower of platform mound(â…¡b),mobile sandy(IVa),fixed sandy(â…£b). And chose different species, configuration modes for different site types according to general terms. In the restoration of vegetation in the opencast coal mine of Huolinhe, we think it will be better for increasing the survival rate of the plant if put a layer of surface soil of coal mining(Dark Chestnut soil, about 20-30cm)and added a certain proportion of household garbage(in order to increase the content of organic matter in the soil) on the surface of refuse-dump. It could be consult the original vegetation form and choose some species for restoration, for example, Aneurolepidium chinense, Artemisia frigida Willd etc.,and make the appropriate configuration mode, such as the composite model of herb, bush and arbor, the combined model of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn and Armeniaca sibirica (Linn.) Lam is the perfect model for the restoration of the opencast coal mine in grassland.