Taxonomic Studies On Fallen Dead Wood Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes From Hainan And Yunnan Provinces Of China

Dematiaceous hyphomycetes on fallen dead wood belong to a part of or whole life which is directly associated with the fallen dead wood. China has a vast territory, complicated entironment and abundant vegetation, which accumulate diversiform dead wood as a complex ecosystem, may contains plenty of dematiaceous hyphomycetes resource, but our country has lagged in the study of this fungal groups.Hainan and Yunnan provinces are located in the South of China, and is a unique geographical area where have complex terrains and notable altitude difference. The Southwest spans several climate zones, covers much tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, all of the sampled regions are tropical, characterized by high humidity, high mean temperature and annual precipitation greater than 1300 mm. The vegetation is composed mostly of trees, and there is a deep litter layer comprising rotten softwood, dead branches, and decayed leaves of various plants. Dead branches are a rich habitat for hyphomycetes. This study aimed to survey the population of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from fallen dead wood on genus and species level from Southwest.A total of 1000 speciements were collected from many representative sitesed in those two provinces including Danzhou Tropical Plant Park, Jianfengling, Wuzhishan, Jindian, DaliCangshan, Lijing, Xianggelila, Daweishan, Banna tropical botanical garden, Ganlanba, Yexianggu, Banna Forest park. As the result, 32 species belong to 14 genera were discovered. Of which, New species is 18, 3 new recorded genus, new recorded species are 8, 6 species are reported from China. All genera and species are fully described and illustrated morphologically.The new species of 18 are: Piricaudiopsis punicae Kai Zhang et X.G. Zhang, Piricaudiopsis rosae Kai Zhang et X.G. Zhang, Piricaudiopsis rhaphidophorae Kai Zhang et X.G. Zhang, Shrungabeeja melicopeae Kai Zhang et X.G. Zhang, Shrungabeeja begoniae Kai Zhang et X.G. Zhang, Minimelanolocus magnoliae Kai Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Minimelanolocus machili Kai. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Minimelanolocus camelliae H.B. Fu & X.G. Zhang, Linkosia mori K. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Berkleasmium daphniphylli K. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora beilschmiediae Kai Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora cassiae Kai Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora fici-benjaminae Kai Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora lasianthi Kai Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora sed-acaciae K. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Corynespora rhododendri Kai. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmium melicopes K. Zhang & X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmium rhaphidophorae K. Zhang & X.G. Zhang.Three genus newly recorded to China are Weufia Bhat & Sutton, Tretospeira Pirozynski, Shrungabeeja Rao & Reddy.The eight species newly recorded to China are: Shrungabeeja vadirajensis Vasant Rao et K.A.N. Reddy, Weufia tewoldei Bhat & Sutto, Minimelanolocus miscanthi (Matsush.) R.F. Casta?eda & Heredia, Minimelanolocus rousselianus (Mont.) R.F. Casta?eda & Heredia, Tretospeira ugandensis (Hansf) Pirozynski, Berkleasmium concinnum (Berk.) Hughes, Exosporium ampullaceum(Petch) M.B. Ellis, Sporidesmium hormiscioides Corda.The six species known to China are: Ceratosporella compacta Casta?eda Ruiz, Cuarro & Cano, Exserticlava triseptata (Matsush.) S. Hughes, Monodictys oblongispora G..Z. Zhao & T.Y. Zhang, Dictyosporium heptasporum (Garov.) Damon, Sporidesmium nanii W.P. Wu, Sporidesmium fraxini-orni Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang.All specimens examined are deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University (HSAUP) and HMAS (Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences).As a result, some useful taxonomic methords, criteria and our viewpoints concerning with this fungal group were conclude:1) Most of this fungal group is saprophytic fungi, which conidial morphology and size are accessible to the culture condition and culture media, and different from that on the natural substrates. Therefore, the morphology of these fungi on the natural substrates should be main identifying bases. Culture feature and sporulation pattern are essential and helpful supplements.2) The conidiophores, and the conidiophores extending mode and conidiogenous pattern are key to distinguish these fungi at genus level, but those are not important at species level. Additionally, the conidial inserted characteristics (catenation or solitary), character of septation, conidial ornamentation, patterns of conidia formation and conidiophores proliferation are helpful to identify a new hyphomycete genera. The character of the setae and whether it formed or not is also useful to differentiate some genera.3) The conidial morphology (shape, size, color, septation, basal cells ornamentation and appendage) is the main identification at species level. The characters of conidiophore and conidiogenous cells and the situation of existence of the setae may be used in seperating in some genera.