The Comparison Of Views On History Of Science Between Gaston Bachelard And Thomas S.Kuhn

The topic of the paper is the comparison of views on history of science between Gaston Bachelard and Thomas S.Kuhn. We can understand their similarities by analogy ,as well as their differences by comparison. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of their theory,we can study the views on history of science further and have a better understanding of the history of science , the philosophy of science.The topic of chapter I is the backgrounds of the views on history of science. By analyzing the new characteristics of the contemporary natural sciences and the historical philosophy of science, we can understand the views on history of science. The contemporary natural sciences is comprehensive, collective and social. Inspired by this characteristics , the school of historical philosophy of science was founded through the criticism of logical positivism and critical rationalism.The views on history of science is different from the past, a notable feature is that it reveal a organic model of science development focusing on the history process of science.The topic of chapter II is to introduce the theory of Bachelard.The first part introduce the rich theory background of Bachelard , Bachelard propose a new science mind through the analysis of the interaction between science knowledge and science mind. Recognizing the changes in the mode of the thinking in science by the Theory of relativity,the tradition of rational and irrational in French philosophy , Bachelard study science and literature with the mind of Freud's psychoanalysis.The second part is the Bachelard's "epistemological break" and "epistemological obstacles".On the basis of nature science and the study of science knowledge on the role of science mind,Bachelard think that the process of the science history is fracture but continuous; Through studying scicence knowledge on the role of science mind, Bachelard think that science is a gradual process to overcome epistemological obstacles, science is the development of such interaction.In the third part, Bachelard analyze the adoption in physics and mathematics from Newton to Einstein.His new phisical mind is the promotion of the mathematical structuralism. The topic of chapter III is to introduce Kuhn's views on history of science. Through studying his theoretical background and core point,we can understand the theory of Kuhn's view of science revolution better. The first part study the background of his theory in natural science, philosophy and psychology.Kuhn studied the trends of natural science,Gestalt psychology and genetic epistemology.Kuhn was effected by phenomenology and pragmatism.The second part introduced"paradigm" and the "science community". "Paradigm" is the science methodology. "Scientific Community" is the science subject.science's is "science community" make use of "paradigm". The third part introduced Science Revolution. Kuhn believes that the development of science is not continuous, which is the turn during the period of conventional and unconventional science (period of science revolution).The topic of Chapter IV is comparison of Bachelard and Kuhn.we can the similarities between Kuhn and Bachelard and the difference on the views of Science truth.They found the changes in the thinking mode of philosophy effected by the changes in the science. Both think the development of science is intermittent, but the attitude to this intermit is different. Kuhn think that it is a threat to the development of science,however, Bachelard think this is the reasonable performance of science development. They have different understanding with the science Truth. Kuhn believes that the intermit abolish the science truth,and the question of science truth is a matter of semantics. But Bachelard think that the intermit is a more general summary and the continuity of science truth is certified by the role of mathematical structuralism. By the comparison of two we can have a better understanding of their theory.The topic of chapter V is thinking about the views on history of science. It shows the existence of irrational factors in science. Studying the meaning of reason in the structuralism, we find that the meaning of reason is developing during the developing of science. Science is combination of ration and irration. The development of science is a dialectical process.The topic of Chapter VI describes that the philosophy of science is the intermediate links between science and philosophy, which cancel the intermit of science and philosophy, in which the science spirit and humanity spirit have their own room.Bachelard and Kuhn have their own unresolved issues which was discussed briefly in the end. The dialectics is a reasonable attitude: We should understand the continuous in the intermit of the history of science,and the development of the science epistemology in the fracture of science.