The Study On Vegetation And Dominant Plant Flora Characteristics In Nature Reserve In Guan Yin Shan Mountain, Shaanxi

Guan Yin Shan Mountain Nature Reserve lies in the south slope of middle Qinling Moutain, and in the Fuping county, it easten the Fuping National Nature Reserve, southen the Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve, westen the Tianhuashan Nature Reserve, and northen the Fuping Niangniangshan Nature Reserve, situated the centre of the Qinling nature reserve group. The paper studied the Vegetation Resources and dominant plant flora Characteristics in Nature Reserve, and the result shows:(1) According to the classify standard of《China Vegetation》,the vegetation in Guan Yin Shan Mountain Nature Reserve can be classified 4 vegetation type groups, 10 vegetation type, 15 vegetation sub-types or formation groups, 52 formations.(2) From the investigation and the statistics, there are 130 families, 1326species(include the category under the species)of wild spermatophyte in Guan Yin Shan Mountain Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, which occuping respectively 43.2%,18.9%, and 5.4% of total spermatophyte in the whole China. Among the spermatophyte, there are 5 families, 11 genera, 15 species of gymnospermae; there are 125 families,552 genera, 552 species of angiospermae. Among the angiospermae, there are 112 families,449 genera, 1096 species of dicotyledons; there are 13 families, 103 genera, 215 species ofmonocotyledons.(3) The forest vegetation coverage in Guan Yin Shan Mountain Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, is 92.5%, among which the constructive species is mostly the species of north temperate, such as Quercus, Betula, Populus, Carpinis, Pinus, Abies, Picea, and so on.(4) The genera of tropical-subtropical is common in the reserve, it always be companion species, such as Dalbergia,Euonymus,Diospyros,Celtis,Meliosma,Litsea, and so on.(5) Some species in laurel,beech, tea, and witchazel families, which form the main families of sub-tropical zone in China, also occur in the reserve, such as Lindera communis,Cyclobalanopsis glauce,Q. spinsa,Stewartia shensiensis,Liquidambar formosana, and so on.(6)From the geological component of the vegetation dominant plant flora, there is a big difference and replacement in different vegetation vertical zone. Under the 2000m sea-level, the constructive species is mainly middle-north-China component, such as Q. variabilis, Q. aliena var. acuteserrata,P. tabulaeformis, and so on. At meantime, there are many middle-China component and east-China component become constructive species or dominant species, such as Tsuga chinensis, Abies chinensis, Q. glandulifera var. brevipetiolata, Platycarya strobilacea,Betula luminifera,Zelkova serrata,Castanea mollissima, and so on.(7) From the vertical distribution, the constructive species above 2000m sea-level is mainly middle-China component, such as B. albo-siensis, albo-sinensis septentrionalis,Q. spinosa, Tsuga chinensis,Abies fargesii,A. chinensis and so on. Southwest-China component, such as Pinus armandii, special Qinling mountain component, such as Populus purdomii, also can dominate the community. But the middle-China component, such as Picea wilsonii just accompany the dominant species, and so on.(8) For the alpine shrub community and meadow, which lie above 2500m of sea-level, the dominant plant is mainly temperate zone component, such as Rhododendron purdomii, and China-Himalayan component, such as Carex schneideri, and north-Pole alpine component, such as sphaerostanchyum,(9) Because the reserve lies in the transition area of warm-temperate and sub-tropical, the flora is very complicated, and is very common that many different component plant grow together. For example, in the oak forest, the Platycarya which belongs to tropical component, grow together with Lespedeza, and Rhododendron, which belongs to temperate component; Oplismenus, which belongs to tropical component, grow together with Pyrola, Monotropa in the same community.Sibling replacement is clear by vertical changes, for example, Q. variabilis dominates under the sea level of 1300m, small oak tree dominates in the sea level of 1300～1500m , Q. aliena var. acuteserrata dominates clearly in the sea level of 1500～2000m; For pine tree, P. tabulaeformis distribute in the sea level of 1000～1750m, but Pinus armandii distribute above; for Lespedeza, L. bicolor will be replaced by L. Formosa and L. buergeri when sea level enhance. The Rosa,Lonicera, Viburnum also have such replacement.