| Yanquan, located in the east of Shanxi Province, is one of the largest anthracite coal production bases in China.The fifth Mine Nanfengjing natural gob piles and Ximayugou reclamation lands were taken as the research sites. Based on the data from the fields, the various methods of quantitative ecology were used to study the vegetation on the gob pile including the seed plants flora, ecological relationship among the plant species, plant communities and environment, dominant species niche and species diversity. The research was aimed at exploring the environment conditions, the pioneer species and restoration mode . The results were as follows:The analysis of flora illustrated that there were 77 species of seed plants, belonging to 23 families and 62 genera, among which gymnosperms have 1 family, 2 genera and 2 species, and angiosperms have 22 families, 60 genera and 75 species. The angiosperms were composed of dicotyledon and monoco tyledon, having 21 families, 49 genera and 63 species, and 1 family, 11 genera and 12 species, respectively. The main families were Compositae, Gramineae, leguminose and Rosaaceae. The areal types of genera were Cosmopolitan, Pantropic and NorthTemp. The areal types of species were Temp.Asia , E.Asia and Endemic to China.Types, structure and ecological environment of the vegetation were analyzed by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results showed that the vegetation were classified into 12 associations, which were distinguished from each other, especially between the natural vegetation and the artificial one. The factors of topography, soil, light and water affected plant classification. DCA ordination indicated that succession time and soil thickness influenced on the classification, and there were positive correlation between the association structure and the two factors.The niche breadth and niche overlap of 20 dominants were measured by using series of indices. The results of niche breadth showed that the populations of Setaria viridis, Artemisia vestita, Lespedeza davurica and Cynanchum chinensis had wider niche breadth than the others in the herb populations, and the Ailanthus altissimo had wider niche breadth than Salix babylonica and Juniperus formosana, so they may have better adaptability for the gob piles. The results of niche overlap showed that there were higher special niche overlap value in the population-pairs of Artemisia lavendulae folia, Viola prionantha, Cynanchum chinensis and the pairs of Salix babyloni ca, Salsola collina, Phragmites austracis. Those overlaped populations shared common resources to some extent. Caragana microphylla could be selected as pioneer specie.The species diversity of 8 Assocociations were studied by diversity indices. The results were as follows: The richness and diversity of Associations were similar in order which was Assoc.Salix babylonica >Assoc.Juniperus formosana>Assoc.Ailanthus altissima > Assoc.Koelreuter ia paniculata >Assoc. Prunus cersifera>Assoc. Artemisia sacrorum > Assoc. Medicago sativa> Assoc. Setaria viridis. Evenness result showed that: Assoc. Medicago sativa>Assoc.Artemisia sacrorum >Assoc.Setaria viridis > Assoc. Ailanthus altissima >Assoc.Koelreute riapaniculata >Assoc. Prunus cersife ra>Assoc. Juniperus formosana> Assoc. Salix babylonica. The analysis of species diversity indicated that the Assocociations structure consisting of arber, shrub and herb layer had higher diversity indices. Diversity indices were positive correlation with soil thickness and the succession procession. The growing appearance of Assoc.Koelreuteria paniculata was superior to Assoc. Prunus cersifera.Finally, some strategies for landforms, pioneer species and restoration modes were discussed.
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