Studies On Chemical Components And Application Of Pigment In Cortinarius Rufo-olivaceus

With the development of food, cosmetic and medicine, the demands of pigment increasedgradually in recent years. Natural pigment was safe, innocuity and had nutritional and medicaleffect to human body. And it was applied comprehensively to industry of food, cosmetic andmedicine. Recently, the researchers and consumers had more interesting to natural pigments athome and abroad. The fruiting body of Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus in Helan mountains of InnerMongolia had rich in nutrition, the color of mushroom was bright, so there were practice meaningsto exploit it as pigment resource.1 used the fruiting-body of C. rufo-olivaceu as pigment material and studied on the optimalextraction condition and production technology systematically, and on the basis of which, thestability of pigment was studied in different conditions. That provided the base for production andapplication of pigment. The results showed the optimal extraction conditions: extraction solvent80 % ethanol; extraction temperature 60℃, extraction duration 2h, extraction operation number 4times. The alcohol concentration and extraction duration had effect to extraction of pigmentnoticeably. The maximal absorbance wave was 320nm. Pigment was instability to sunlight andultraviolet light, stability to light. It displayed different colors in different pH value, amaranth inacid condition and purple in alkalescence condition. The pigment was instability to Fe³⁺, and othermetal ions(K⁺,Na⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺) have little effect to pigment. It was instability to oxidant, stabilityto reducer. Pigment was relative stability to food additive and antiseptic. And the temperature hadlittle effect to pigment at low 100℃.1 studied on components of pigment systematically, and 5 monomer compounds wereobtained through systematic solvent separation, two phases solvent extraction,chromatography,crystallization methods. And these monomer compounds were identified on the basis of EIMS, ¹H,¹³C, Dept135, HMQC and other phy-chemistry methods. The analysis results indicated thatcompound SM1 was palmitic acid, SM2 was ergosterol, SM3 was ergosterol peroxide,SM4was physcion and SM5 was 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-isopropyl-6,8-dioxymethamphetamineinanthraquinone. SM6 and SM7 of uncrystal were analyzed through GC-MS, the results showedthat SM6 main contained unsaturated fatty aldehyde with fragrance, i.e. (E, E) -2,4-decadienal(58%), tetradecanoic acid (55.78%), 2-decenal(50%), Phthalic acid isobutylundecyl ester(47%), 2, 4-Decadienal(41%), 2-Undecenal (31%), 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3, 13-octadecadi-enol(18.84%), and SM7 contained saturation alkanes, i.e. 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl cyclohexyl ester(23.90%), Triacontane(22.63%),Nonacosane(21.04%), Heptadecane(18.84%), Octacosane(13.58%).Toxicological experiments were done to insure the pigment safety. I determined the LD₅₀ ofpigment through filling the stomach for small mice, because of the concentration and volume ofpigment limited, I did not find the death dosage of causing the mice poisoned, therefore I wasunable to obtain its LD₅₀ value.Then we determined the pigment through maximum tolerancedosage, when the concentration of pigment reached to 16g/mL, the mice activity cut down atbeginning, then came back normal. To observe constantly for 7days, experimental animal's weight,diet, urine were normal, I did not find the poisoned symptom. I sexecute the animal to observeheart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney at 8th day, I did not found abnormal phenomena. So themaximum tolerance dosage of pigment was 400g/kg .The toxicity of pigment was little as could beseen from this result. C. rufo-olivaceu were eaten by residents and no toxicosis. So it can beexplored.The nutrients of C. rufo-olivaceu also were analyzed, and the result showed thefruiting-body contained high sugar, Total content reached to 47.76%, polysaccharide was 4.5%,crude protein was 9.76%, crude fatty 5.4%, and there were 15 amino acid and total contentreached 12.214%. Among them, there were 7 necessary amino acid and total content reached to4.746%, occupying 38.86% of all amino acid. The tryptophan, tyrosine and cystine were notmeasured. The content of isoleucine and histidine were relative high as to the fluting-body ofSuillus aeruginascens,Lactarius deliciosus, Cortinarius caerulescens, Cantharellus cibarius, andthe mineral elements content of C. rufo-olivaceu were analyzed, the content of Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mnwere high, and the content of Cu and Zn were lower.The application of fruiting-body pigment of C. rufo-olivaceu was studied, including the C.rufo-olivaeeu drink tea and soup.The result showed that the drink tea had aroma of purplemushroom, munbean and tea, the color was purple red. The color of C. rufo-olivaceu soup wasred brown, and had the flavor ofC. rufo-olivaceu.In all, C. rufo-olivaceu extraction is bright colour and good colour durability, and rich innutrition. C. rufo-olivaceu has more kinds of amino acids, mineral elements, polysaccharide andother components of antitumor and aroma, so the C. rufo-olivaceu has good develop prospects asnatural pigments, perfume and other foods or chemical industry.