Studies On Conservation Biology Of Endangered Macrofungi In Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Conservation biology of endangered macrofungi in Changbai Moutain Natural Reserve were studiedsystematically in this paper. It included the construction and utilization of evaluating system ofendangering grade and priority of conservation of macrofungi in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, Theendangering mechanisms and the conservation strategy of Threaten species and ex suit conservation ofmacrofungi.The basic data of wild population of macrofungi were attained by field survey, market survey, civiliansurvey and expert consulation. The endangering grade and priority of conservation of macrofungi inChangbai Mountain Natural Reserve were accessed quantitatively by the quantitative evaluating systemdeveloped after the study of biological and ecological character of macrofungi and expert consulation. Itsuggested that, of all the 38 species evaluated, critically endangered species 2, endangered species 4,vulnerable species 10, near endangered species 9, Least Concern species 13. The result of priority ofconservation was: special grade protection 3, first grade protection 11, second grade protection 9, thirdcalss protection 9, protection not necessary now 5. The system was proved to be efficient to access thethreatened situation and priority of conservation of macrofungi by the utilization. Different priority ofconservation need different protection.A primarily Redlist of macrofungi in Changbai Moutain Natural Reserve was proposed on the basis ofthe result of evaluation and references. The IUCN critier was used in the Redlist after a tittle amendment.Of all 68 species in the Redlist, critically endangered species 2, endangered species 4, vulnerable species10, near endangered species 9, rare species 9, data deficient species 34. Half of the listed species were datadeficient, which need more study in the future.The study of endangering mechanisms of Rhodotus palmatus indicated that the internal agent ofendangering were: the germination ratio of spore was low, the mycelia was prone to form conidiospore, theoptimal range of pH was narrow, fruiting depends on special environmental condition; virgin forestdecreased by human activities was the external agent of endangering. Further study of ecology, theprotection of the distribution locality and the reduplication of wild population were suggested.The study of endangering mechanisms of Lyophyllum ulmarium indicated that the internal agent ofendangering were: the development of fruit and the mass releasing of spore depends on specialenvironment, sopre could not germinate under normal condition, selection of substrate was strict. Picking by human directly maybe the external agent of endangering. Further study of the ecology, protection ofsubstrate and environment, reduplication of wild population were suggested. Furthermore, to extend thecultivation maybe an efficient method to protect the wild population.Seventy-two Macrofungal culture collection belonging to seventy species isolated from the freshfruitbody which collected from Changbai Mountains aera, Jingyuetan National Forestry Park ofChangchun City, Daqinggou Natural Reserve and other aeras were preserved.Sixteen of the preserved species were successfully cultivated during the experiment, Fifteen of them aredomestomycetes, one Entomogenous Fungi. Six of them had no report of artificial cultivation in whichincludes two Red-listed species.