Collective Action And Rational Utilization Of Water Resource In Atmosphere

Our country has been using many experiment and artifical methods, such as artificial rainfall and hail prevention, to influence the weather since 1950s. But during the process of artifical rainfall and other operations, many problems and conflicts come up. This essay uses the economic theory to analyze the problem of utilizing water resource in atmosphere and make the contention of cloud in Henan Province as an illustration. At the same time, this essay use the Ostrom's self-governance and collective action theory and game theory to analyze the phenomena and probes into the system background and ineluctability of the conflict, as well as the possible route of solving the problem.This essay includes of six parts:The first part analyzes the natural characteristic and economic attribute of the water resource in atmosphere. Because the natural characteristic of the water resource in atmosphere make us difficult to define its property right, we choose to analyze its economic attribute as the public pool.The second part contemplates three classic models of the conflict in utilizing the public resource which demonstrate the conflict that the rational actions selected by all rational individuals lead to irrational collective actions at last. And then this part analyzes the advantages and demerits between state management and private management of the public resource, as well as the limitation of the two patterns in utilizing the water resource in atmosphere.The third part goes on discussing how to utilize the water resource in atmosphere rationally and expounds three nuclear aspects of Ostrom's self-governance and collective action theory. Therefore this essay proposes that self-governance is a feasible method to solve the problem of utilizing the water resource in atmosphere.The fourth part inducts the case about contention of water resource in atmosphere of Henan Province and illustrates the history and system background of using artifical methods, such as artifical rainfall, to influence the weather and then constructs a model by using the game theory to demonstrate the ineluctability and low efficiency of the conflict.The fifth part uses eight principles, which are brought forward by Ostrom and necessary to public resource governance, to analyze the case of Henan Province. And then the essay proposes the appropriate governance method to the conflict, namely, to define the usufruct and the exchange mechanism of the water resource in atmosphere, along with the supervision of the exchange.The sixth part gives the conclusion and the revelation of this essay. The conclusions are as followings:(1)Given the current governance pattern, the contention of the water resource in atmosphere is ineluctable.(2)It is an effective method to induct self-governance into solving the problem on consideration of the fact.(3)Based on the discussion above, it is rational to conclude that induct the exchange mechanism into utilizing water resource in atmosphere can enhance the efficiency. This essay also proposes that the self-govern organization should boost up its independence and the government should strengthen the management and lead at the same time. Finally, this essay puts forward the suggestion of constructing a quantitative statistic model of artifical rainfall to make the current the artifical rainfall pattern more controllable and scientific.