Plant-diversity And Community Structure Of Primordial Wetland In Hilly Region In Northeastern China

Mountain marsh wetland mainly distributes at Daxing'an Mountain area and Xiaoxing'anMountain area in the Northeast of China, it has great effect adjusting the climate and improvingecosystem. A primordial wetland of Gongbiela river in the north Xiaoxinganling was chosen asa case study, so as to provide scientific basis for restoration of wetland ecosystem.The resultsindicated that:(1)There are spermatophyte 29 families 64 genera 106 species in the mire wetland ofGongbiela River basin, the composition of families and genera are fairly rich, but the numberof the species are scarce comparatively. The family distribution kind mostly belongs tocosmopolitan north-temperate-zone of the Northern Hemisphere, the genera distribution kindmostly belongs to the temperate zone property, and the species distribution kind mostly belongsto the temperate zone property and the sub-frigid zone to frigid zone property, all inall, the flora character belongs to temperate zone.Simultaneously, the marshvegetation in this region has the characters of the northeast plant and Daxing'an Mountain plantcharacter, which is the typical intersection ecotope.(2) The ecological relationship between vegetation and environment was analyzed byusing TWlNSPAN and DCA. 10 Associations were produced by TWINSPAN.The resultsindicated that, in the wetland of Gongbiela river, the biodiversity index of tree commutity wasBetula platyphylla-Carex meyeriana＞Betula platyphylla- Betula fruticosa- Carex meyeriana;the biodiversity index of shrub commutity was Betula fruticosa—Salix pentandra—Aulacomnicum palustre＞Salix rosmarinifolia - Salix pentandra- Carex schmidtii and thebiodiversity index of herbage was Sanguisorba parviflora—Iris lacteal—Carex schmidtii＞Sanguisorba parviflora (Maxim.)-Carex caespitosa＞Calamagrostis langsdorffii—Carexschmidtii＞Sanguisorba parviflora)-Carex schmidtii. As a whole, the Shannon-Wiener index(H'), the Simpson index (D) and Pielou evenness index (J_si) of Sanguisorba parviflora—Irislacteal—Carex schmidtii were higher, while biodiversity index of Betula fruticosa—Salixpentandra—Aulacomnicum palustre and Sanguisorba parviflora—Carex schmidtii werelower.The results indicated that the herbage layer biomass was the main component of thewhole biomass of shrub, the average biomass above ground was 475 kg/hm².