Structure And Vicissitude Of Bird Communities In Guilin City

As an important component, wildlife plays a very important role in ecosystem, and its ecological functions are known gradually. As an indicator of biodiversity and the function of ecosystem, avian community plays important role in either the natural or artificial ecosystem. With expansion of urbanization in the world, the research on wildlife, especially on birds in the urban area has become a hot field of ecology. In the meantime, investigation on the urban avian community, its habitats and their relationship is of great significance and helps to enrich the theories of community ecology, urban ecology and conservation biology, and can contribute to better understanding the role of bird community in urban ecosystem and the relationship between avian community and environmental protection.In this paper, based on results of survey of avian community in one year ,we studied the urban community. The advantages of this research are following: Firstly, the main urban avian community has been studied because the research area is larger than before in guilin. Secondly, bird communities in four seasons have been studied. Thirdly, the birds and its extant habitats in six types, which were arbor, shrubbery, brushwood, water areas, villages, farmland, city parks, have been compared. Fourthly, we compared bird communities in this research with them in the past half century and analyzed the reasons. The major conclusions from this research are following:Total of 164 species, which belong to 14 orders and 38 families, were recorded in a year. Among them, the percentage of residents, summer migrants, winter migrants and migrants were 50.00%, 12.20%, 15.24% and 22.56%, respectively. 85 species are distributed in the Oriental realm, which accounted for 51.83% of all species. 59species are distributed in the Palaeartic realm, which accounted for 35.96%. 20 species are widely distributed, which accounted for 12.20%. In all 164 species, 27 species were recorded first time in Guilin.there are 15 species of birds that have been listed as the national secondary wildlife of China for protection, which was 9.15% of total species.The characteristics of bird communities in four seasons were following: Total of 120 species were recorded in spring. The average density in spring was 4.1036 ind./ hm2. The sequence of diversity was: farmland>shrubbery>arbor>city parks>water areas>villages. The sequence of evenness index was: shrubbery >farmland >villages >arbor>city parks>water area. Total of 73 species were recorded in summer. The average density in summer was 4.1036 ind./ hm2. The sequence of diversity was arbor>shrubbery>water area>farmland>villages>city parks. The sequence of evenness index was: water area>villages>shrubbery>farmland>arbor>city parks. Total of 108 species were recorded in autumn. The average density in autumn was 5.6764 ind./ hm2. The sequence of diversity was: shrubbery>farmland>city parks>arbor>villages>water area. The sequence of evenness index was: shrubbery>farmland>villages>water area>city parks>arbor. Total of 84 species were recorded in winter. The average density in winter was 3.7830 ind./ hm2. The sequence of diversity was: shrubbery>water area>farmland>arbor>city parks>villages. The sequence of evenness was: water area>farmland>shrubbery>arbor>city parks>villages.The characteristics of bird communities in six types of habitats in a year were following: In the six types of habitats, the sequence of species richness was: shrubbery>arbor>farmland>city parks>water area>villages, among which shrubbery and villages contained 90 and 39 species, respectively. The sequence of density was: city parks>arbor>farmland>villages>shrubbery>water area. The sequence of diversity was: farmland>shrubbery>arbor>water area>city parks>villages. The sequence of evenness index was: farmland>shrubbery>water area>villages>arbor.Bird communities had changed much compared to investigations before. The differences are following: 11 species had moved out from guilin city. They are White-breasted Waterhen, Lesser Curkoo, White Wagtail, Rosy Minivet, Scarlet Minivet, Ashy Minivet, Red-crested Bulbul, Black-billed Magpie, Collared Crow, Blue Rock Thrush. 6 species had disappeared in guilin. They are White Wagtail, Rosy Minivet, Scarlet Minivet, Ashy Minivet, White-capped Water Redstart, Large-billed Crow. Some species that disappeared in 1980's were discovered in this investigation. They are Red-crested Bulbul, Scaly-breasted Munia, Greater Coucal, Eurasian Jay. Some species that were large in number before were small in number in this investigation. Some species that were common in number before were dominant species in this investigation. They are Great Tit, Oriental Magpie Robin, Common Tailorbird, White Wagtail, Crested Myna, Japanese White-eye, Plain Prinia, Yellow-bellied Prinia.