| Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the centre of Eurasia, where the Russia borders on it's north part, Middle-Asia and Europe on it's west part, and Hindustan on it's south part, so it becomes a converge region of different fauna. Its climate is arid, and the environment is close, so it forms a special region which the main restrict factor is water and the center is oasis, and the peculiar environment provide advantaged conditions to speciation. Its special location and environment make it an important role in biodiversity and biogeography research.The aphid is a big taxonomic group in homopterans, there are 4700 known species in the world, and about 1000 species belong to 251 genera and 13 families in China. Most of aphids are plant pest except that Schlechtendalia chinensis is beneficial. With the development of agriculture, the damage caused by aphids has become increasingly serious. So it will be very helpful to understand the current status of aphids' biodiversity, the origin and dispersal route through the research of faunal component and spatial distribution, and it will also offer consult information to forecast and prevention aphids' damage. Besides, it will also offer significant reference to resolve many important biogeography problems happened on Europe, Middle-Asia, West-Asia and Hindustan boundaruys.This paper found the aphids distribution datebase on the bases of long time's field collection record, and input it to The GIS(geographic information system), then it was overlapped with the map of Xinjiang, zoogeographic regions, and vegetation map. Through above approach, the paper discussed the distribution character and it's affecting factors of aphids in Xinjiang. These results show:1. The paper reviews the species diversity of aphids in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from aphid taxa, host plants and infesting locations. There are 199 known species belonging to 58 genera and 58 families in this region. Host plants of aphids in this region lie in 192 genera and 55 families.Aphididae is dominant in the numbers of genera and species, and includes 65.52% of known genera and 67.84% of known aphids in this region.2. The statistic results show that the Holarctic component is dominant [47.24% of total). 23.12% of species are wide-spread and 16.58% are endemic to Xinjiang. Furthermore, the species distributed only in Xinjiang and abroad account for 19.60%.3. The geographical distributions of aphids show obvious gradient changes in latitude and longitude in the region, and the geographical distributional pattern is closely related to the geographical position and direction of Tianshan Mountains.4. The result indicates that the distribution pattern includes 4 different types: namely Palaearctic region+Oriental region+Australian, Palaearctic region+Oriental region+Afrotropical region+Nearctic region, Palaearctic region+Oriental region+ Nearctic region and Palaearctic region+ Afrotropical region+ Nearctic region. The results imply that the aphids' elements have 4 different regions.5. The numbers of distribution cites and species are different between different zoogeographic regions. Because the acreage and vegetation is various, the species in Tianshan Subregion and West desert Subregion are abundant, and those in Altai mountain region (Xingan Subregion) and Qiang-Tang subregion are poor.6. The distribution of different families is various, as was instanced by comparing Drepanosiphidae with Pemphigidae. the result indicates that the main reason which leads to this distribution patterns is the different dispersal route and life history.7. The result indicates that the geographical position and change process are the main reasons which result in the current status of the aphid species diversity, fauna component and spatial distribution in Xinjiang. The climate and environment also play an important role to the certain extent, and the influence of human activity has accelerated the aphids' biodiversity and spatial distribution changes.
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