| This article analyses the Galileo Affair, and combines the correlative knowledge of sociology of science, history of science, and discusses the colorful relations between science and religion from the sixteen century. This article composes five parts.The fist part defines the science and religion, narrates their historical relations, and analyses the background of the Galileo Affair. It points out: Renaissance, Reformation and the science is apart from the religion, it is significant to the relations of science and religion.The second part is the article' s principal part. This part combines the knowledge of philosophy of science, sociology of science, history of science and history of religion, exhibiters the colorful relations in many ways. It points out: the Galileo Affair happened in a kind of conservative religious atmosphere, the essence is the conflict of the old science and the new science. In addition , this part also discusses four objects, science and the Bible, the methodology of science, science and metaphysics and the adoption of scientific theories.The third part analyses the three main trends of thought, such as mechanical philosophy, logical positivism and postmodernism and they how to affect the relations of science and religion. It points out: the criticism on religion based on scientism has its limitation. What is the same thing, the abandon to science based on irritation will lead to anti-science. These two kinds of opinions are inadvisable.The forth part analyses the new characters in present age and estimates the trend of science and religion. It points out: science and religion will coexist in a long time. At the same time, the conservation of religion will be invariable.The fifth part discusses our country' s science and religion. It points out: on one hand, we should carry out the religious freedom, on the other hand, we should develop science in a big way, especially, and we should call traditional culture into play in conforming science and religion.
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