A Study On The Introduction Into China Of Archimedes's Physics Theory And Its Application

Archimedes was a famous ancient Greece scholar. He had the deep attainments in the fields of mathematics, physics and mechanics, especially when he broken the traditional thought limit at that time——the thought that theories are supreme. He unified the theory and the practice well, paving a new way for the scientific research. Studying Archimedes and his theories will have the certain significance to the development of the scientific research in modern times. To review the spreading situation of his achievements in China also has the certain historical value. By Studying the spreading process of Archimedes theory systematically in China and the situation of the Chinese understanding and acceptance at that time, we can induce how the west science and technology knowledge which was introduced by the European missionaries influenced on China at the late of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty. This thesis is studied mainly from two parts. The first part mainly collects and reorganizes Archimedes and the contents of his theories, and then introduces them simply. This part primarily manifests the prominent contributions in Archimedes'whole life. In mathematics aspect, his works had a great deal, such as "Study on Ball And Column", "Sand's Calculation", "The Question about Group Cows ", "Methodology" and so on. Some works belong to physical category. For example, the book of "Study on the Balance of Plane figures " involves the famous Archimedes Lever Law; the book of "Study on Buoy"expounds the content of Archimedes Buoyancy Law. In mechanics aspect, Archimedes did not leave any literal dissertation behind. As for Archimedes'machinery inventions, the majority of people know them through other works. The thesis summarizes Archimedes'leading thinking methods: Firstly, he connected the ancient Greece abstract speculation-dialectic method with practical application closely, which obtained a general rule; Secondly, he paid great attention to mathematics logical proof when he was analyzing the physical phenomena seriously, which was lacked in ancient science and technology of ancient China. It has an intrinsic reason that Archimedes became a well-known scholar in generations and his theory was taken concerned by the modern people. The second part introduces in details Archimedes theories as one part of western culture which was introduced into China from the 17th to the 18th century from four aspects. Firstly, the thesis introduces mainly the spreading situation of Archimedes Buoyancy in China. The book of "Far West Wonderful Descriptive note" introduces many relevant different types topic. Moreover, in the book of "Spreads out," "Outside Duty Side in Number Records", "West Mirror Record" and so on have the related records of Archimedes Buoyancy Law; Secondly, the thesis mainly introduces the spreading situation of Archimedes Lever Law in China and takes the book of "Far West Wonderful Descriptive note" as the center part to discuss; The third, introduces the gravity of the plane geometry graph simply, among which the gravity method of the parallelogram and the triangle is the main content; The fourth, introduces the spreading situation in China of Archimedes machinery invention called pedal-type water wheel which was invented to draw water. This thesis unfolds the whole spreading situation of Archimedes's physical theory in China through the materials'collection and reorganization in these four aspects basically.