Research On The Driving Force Mechanism Of Improving The Sustainable Livelihood Capacity Of Ethnic Minority Farmers In Yunna

After the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects,the situation of poor foundation,weak foundation and lagging development in agriculture and rural areas has been reversed,but it remains the biggest weak link in China’s economic and social development.In the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country,the most arduous and onerous task is still in rural areas.The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a continuous struggle in the field of poverty alleviation,and is the action plan for the work of agriculture,rural areas and farmers in a very long period of time in the future.It is better to teach a person to fish than to give him a fish,and the lack of ability is the key factor restricting the sustainable development of farmers themselves.In the future,the main direction of help is to improve their ability.Taking the completion of the moderately prosperous society in all respects as the new starting point,and taking sustainable livelihood ability as the focus,this paper chooses the ethnic minority settlements in Yunnan Province as the research area,and takes ethnic minority farmers as the main research object.The research centers on three central issues: the construction of sustainable livelihood capacity analysis framework,the status evaluation of sustainable livelihood ability,and the design of the dynamic mechanism of sustainable livelihood ability.The specific research content and conclusions are as follows:(1)Building the analytical framework of sustainable livelihood ability.Following the principles of systematicness,adaptability,operability,multidimensionality and sustainability,based on the sustainable livelihood theory and feasible capacity theory,taking the production and living reality in ethnic minority settlements as the reality,and taking the relevant documents and institutions after the rural revitalization strategy was proposed as the policy basis,the connotation of sustainable livelihood capacity was clarified and the analytical framework of sustainable livelihood capacity was constructed.Sustainable livelihood capacity refers to the ability to continuously optimize livelihood strategies and behaviors,continuously accumulate livelihood capital,achieve livelihood goals,and form a virtuous circle of livelihood in a livelihood environment where opportunities and threats coexist,driven by endogenous dynamics.Sustainable livelihood capacity should include four dimensions: basic living ability,vocational competency,self-development ability and risk resistance ability.The analytical framework of sustainable livelihood capacity covers five aspects:livelihood environment,sustainable livelihood capacity,endogenous dynamics,livelihood process and livelihood outcome.The analytical framework of sustainable livelihood capacity clarifies the influencing factors,logical relationship and mechanism of sustainable livelihood capacity,laying a theoretical foundation for evaluating the status quo of sustainable livelihood capacity and designing the mechanism of dynamic improvement.(2)Evaluating the status quo of sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers.Based on 749 questionnaires,the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method are used to evaluate the status quo of sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers.Firstly,the mean and median of sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers are 3.119 and 3.151 respectively,which are significantly different from the reference value in statistical significance,indicating that the sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers is at a low level.Secondly,there are significant differences in the sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers in different age groups.It shows an increasing trend in the age of 18-50,reaches the peak in the age of41-50,and shows a rapid decline after 50.Finally,the internal coupling coordination degree of the sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers is not ideal.The extreme imbalance to the primary coordination accumulation accounts for 58.21%,the intermediate coordination accounts for 39.25%,and the good coordination only accounts for 2.53%.It has not formed a trend from disorder to harmony.(3)Design the dynamic mechanism of sustainable livelihood capacity of minority farmers.The theory deduces the logical growth curve of sustainable livelihood ability of minority farmers.At present,the sustainable livelihood capacity is in a critical period of "rolling up the hill and climbing over the bumps".Drawing on the "three circle theory" established by Mark Mohr et al.,the dynamic mechanism of sustainable livelihood capacity is classified as industrial prosperity,endogenous power and vocational skills.Each of the three elements is indispensable,and they coordinate to effectively promote the sustainable livelihood capacity.Industrial prosperity answers the question of "what can be done",endogenous motivation answers the question of "willingness to do",and vocational skills answer the question of "can do".1)Dynamic action one: Realizing Industrial Prosperity Employment is the biggest livelihood project,and employment opportunities are increased by realizing industrial prosperity.First of all,an evaluation system for industrial prosperity is constructed from four dimensions of political benefits,social benefits,economic benefits and ecological benefits,with 12 indicators.Secondly,the efficiency scores are ranked as follows by using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method: labor-intensive industry > rural tourism > characteristic handicraft industry >characteristic planting industry > characteristic aquaculture industry.At the same time,the feasibility of developing labor-intensive industries in minority settlements is supported from the perspectives of theory,practice and space.Finally,the key factors restricting the development of labor-intensive industries in minority settlements are extracted by using the DEMATEL-ISM method,including infrastructure,public services,development momentum and business environment,among which the development momentum is the key core factor.It is suggested that minority settlements jump out of agriculture to develop rural areas,establish industrial parks in the town centers,and undertake the labor-intensive industries transferred from the eastern region.2)Dynamic action two: Stimulating Endogenous Motivation Stimulating the endogenous motivation of farmers is the key to shift from "to make me rich" to "I want to get rich".Firstly,based on the theory of comprehensive incentive theory,the qualitative research method is used to conclude and deduce 20 initial concepts,7categories and 3 main categories.With the three main categories of cognitive level,traction strength and demand intensity as the core,the initial model of influencing factors of endogenous motivation of minority farmers is constructed.Endogenous motivation is the subjective initiative of farmers to implement optimal livelihood behaviors to achieve livelihood goals under the influence of internal and external factors such as cognitive level,traction strength and demand intensity.Secondly,the influencing factor model of endogenous motivation is verified based on questionnaire data,and the conclusion is basically consistent with the expected hypothesis.The results show that the demand intensity directly affects the endogenous motivation,and the cognitive level and traction force indirectly affect the endogenous motivation through the demand intensity.Finally,it is suggested to change the environment as the starting point to improve the cognitive level of farmers;to increase the external traction strength with effective supply as the support;to consolidate the demand intensity of farmers with benign competition as the lever.3)Dynamic action three: improving vocational skills Vocational skills are the foundation of standing and employment.The direct result of lack of skills is that the high-quality transfer of rural surplus labor force can not be realized.Firstly,based on the bottom-up investigation data,a regression model is constructed with vocational skills as the independent variable and income level as the dependent variable.The empirical results show that vocational skills are significant factors affecting the income level of minority farmers and the model passes the robustness test.Secondly,the employment field and location have a partial mediating effect in the process of the influence of vocational skills on income.Finally,with the problems existing in the skills improvement of minority farmers as the breakthrough point,the Fogg behavior model is used to put forward policy suggestions around the core issues of employment demand guidance,motivation improvement and training mode transformation,and to construct a vocational skills improvement model.The innovation of this study is that on the basis of selecting typical research areas and research objects,an appropriate analytical framework for sustainable livelihood capacity is constructed,a comprehensive evaluation system for sustainable livelihood capacity is established,and the dynamic mechanism for sustainable livelihood capacity improvement is systematically designed based on the actual situation of minority farmers.The research results enrich the theoretical system of sustainable livelihood,contribute to the systematic improvement of sustainable livelihood ability,and ultimately promote the goal of sustainable livelihood of minority farmers.