Research On The Supply System Of Rural Public Goods In Southwest Ethnic Areas

After more than 40 years of development in reform and opening up,China has completed the first century-old goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way,and has embarked on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.However,the imbalance of development between urban and rural areas and between regions in China is still prominent,which is not conducive to the early realization of the strategic goal of common prosperity for all the people.In order to fundamentally and effectively alleviate the further widening of the gap between urban and rural development caused by the problems of "agriculture,countryside and farmers",the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)clearly regards the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization as the general grasp of solving the problems of "agriculture,countryside and farmers",and then provides a good opportunity for promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas.As an underdeveloped region whose economic and social development is seriously lagging behind,in order to realize the integration of urban and rural areas in southwest ethnic areas,it is necessary to fundamentally eliminate the separation system between urban and rural areas,and then gradually narrow the development gap with the economically developed regions of our country.Therefore,based on the background of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era and implementing the strategy of rural revitalization in an all-round way,this paper adheres to the Marxist theory as the fundamental guiding ideology,makes up for the "deficiency" of the supply of rural public goods in southwest minority areas to promote the integration of urban and rural areas as a foothold,and grasps the most fundamental institutional problems that restrict the balance of the supply of urban and rural public goods It is hoped that the 14 th five-year Plan will be better completed and the long-term goal of "Equalization of basic Public Services" in2035 will be put forward.Thus it can be seen that it is of great practical significance to strengthen the research on the supply system of rural public goods in southwest ethnic areas.The study is divided into six main sections,following a logical progression from the abstract to the concrete.Part I(Chapters 1 and 2)introductory remarks,definition of concepts and theoretical foundations.Part II(Chapter 3)is the theoretical framework of analysis.Part III(Chapter 4)is the historical analysis.Part IV(Chapters 5 and 6)is a theoretical analysis and survey study of the problem of public goods provision in ethnic areas of the southwest.Part 5(Chapter 7)is a policy proposal for relevant institutional innovation.The sixth part(Chapter 8)is the conclusion and outlook.At the abstract level,on the premise of systematically summarising Marxist ideas of public goods,theories of institutional change,theories of state functions and modern western public goods theory,and based on the idea of "effective market and responsive government" in the economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the theoretical framework is constructed on the basis of the relationship between the market and the government in the supply of rural public goods.On the one hand,the government and the market have an important role to play in the allocation of resources.On the one hand,the government and the market have their own strengths and weaknesses in the allocation of resources,while on the other hand,rural public goods are differentiated,dependent,overlapping and dynamic in terms of demand,and territorial,hierarchical,spillover and inefficient in terms of supply.Therefore,the synergistic mechanism of complementary advantages of government and market provides the analytical basis for this paper to analyse the problem of public goods supply in ethnic areas of southwest China.At a specific level,the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism is applied to the historical analysis,discussion of real-life problems and future prospects of the supply of public goods in China’s rural areas,while Marxist theory is used as a guide and Western public goods theory is used as a reasonable reference to discuss the innovation of the public goods supply system in rural areas of the southwest.The discussion is guided by Marxist theory and draws on Western public goods theory.Main content: Firstly,based on the relationship between government and market in the allocation of resources,the theoretical logic of this paper is constructed from the characteristics of rural public goods.Secondly,it analyzes the three historical transmutations of China’s rural public goods supply system,reveals the inherent connection between the historical evolution of the public goods supply system and China’s development process,and establishes the socio-historical coordinates for the next discussion on the realities of rural public goods supply in the ethnic areas of southwest China.Once again,a theoretical analysis and research on the supply of public goods in the ethnic areas of southwest China.Based on the characteristics of public goods in the ethnic areas of southwest China and the mechanism of synergy in the supply of public goods in rural areas,the problems and their causes are analysed in the dimensions of demand expression,supply decision,fund raising and supervision and management system.A questionnaire is also adopted to analyse the efficiency of the supply of rural public goods in the ethnic areas of southwest China.Through the study,this paper draws the following four conclusions.First,through the analysis of the three historical evolution of the supply system of rural public goods since the founding of New China,it is pointed out that in addition to the influence of the relevant national policy adjustment and other factors,this process of change is restricted by the evolution of the relationship between the government and the market,and is closely related to the three major economic reform process of land reform,household contract management and rural tax and fee reform.Second,combined with the background of increasing the construction of people’s livelihood since the new era,through in-depth analysis of the particularity of rural public goods in southwest ethnic areas.From the point of view of the demand for rural public goods,the demand of rural residents in southwest ethnic areas has the remarkable characteristics of Hierarchy,complexity,Uniqueness,diversity and regionality.From the point of view of supply,the supply of rural public goods in southwest minority areas has the particularity of supply mode,supply decision,supply content,supply structure and supply cost.In view of this,it is pointed out that,based on the socialist economic system and the specificity of supply and demand,a system for the supply of rural public goods that plays a synergetic role between the government and the market should be established,proposing that all rural public goods guaranteed by the government should be provided by the government free of charge,while other quasi-public goods should be provided through a government-led approach based on the state-owned economy with the active participation of other market players.This is an effective way to gradually narrow the development gap between ethnic areas in southwest China and other economically developed regions.Third,adopt the way of questionnaire survey to fully understand the real needs and choices of rural residents.According to the function and function of rural public goods,this paper is divided into four categories: life service category,production condition category,social security category and development promotion category.Through the investigation of satisfaction,it is shown that the overall satisfaction of the respondents in southwest minority areas is higher,but there are obvious differences in the evaluation of the supply satisfaction of four types of rural public goods,among which the satisfaction with the supply of social security rural public goods is the highest,and the satisfaction with the supply of rural public goods in agricultural production is the lowest.The results of ranking according to the principle of importance and urgency show that rural water and electrical supply,rural broadband Internet,rural garbage classification and disposal,rural medical service institutions and irrigation and water conservancy facilities rank in the top five according to the degree of importance.According to the degree of urgency,irrigation and water conservancy facilities,rural water and electrical supply,rural garbage classification and treatment,rural medical services,rural broadband Internet ranked in the top five in turn.Fourth,put forward the countermeasures to speed up the supply of rural public goods in southwest ethnic areas.It is emphasized that the synergy between the government and the market in the supply of public goods must be effectively brought into play in the system design.Possible innovations in this article:First,from the perspective of research,from the rural public goods supply system to study the supply of rural public goods in southwest ethnic areas.Throughout the academic research at home and abroad in recent years,it can be found that scholars are rarely involved in the field of rural public goods supply system,and there is no specific research on the rural public goods supply system in southwest ethnic areas.Based on the background of the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era,combined with the particularity of the supply and demand of rural public goods in southwest ethnic areas,this paper tries to construct a set of rural public goods supply system in line with the local objective reality under the guidance of Marxist theory and combined with the reasonable components of the western public goods theory,so as to make positive contributions to the continuous enrichment of the existing theory of the supply system of public goods.Second,theoretically,it establishes the Marxist analysis logic about the supply system of rural public goods.In view of the embarrassing situation that the supply of rural public goods in China has been inefficient or even ineffective for a long time,the academic circles on how to improve the efficiency of the supply of rural public goods in China have fallen into the limitation of completely putting the government and the market in the opposite.Based on the Marxist theory of public goods and institutional change,based on the social attributes of modern public goods,this paper constructs a logical framework for studying the supply system of rural public goods from the unity of opposites between the government and the market,as the basic theory of analyzing the supply system of public goods in southwest ethnic areas of China,and discusses it according to the narrative method from abstract to concrete.Third,from the point of view,it emphasizes that the government should continue to strengthen the protection of the people’s livelihood in the southwest minority areas.The outline of the 14 th five-year Plan of our country clearly puts forward the long-term goal of realizing the equality of basic public services in2035,which requires the combination of the public welfare of public goods emphasized by Marx and the basic value stand of "people-centered" in our country.Therefore,this paper puts forward that we should adhere to the principle of matching functions and powers,financial power and administrative power to divide the responsibility of the government and the market.For the rural public goods that must be protected by the government,they should be provided free of charge by the government,while other quasi-public goods can be supplied by the government led by the government and actively participated by other market subjects.Thus,the theoretical main line of dialectical unity between government and market has always run through the process of the study of rural supply system in southwest ethnic areas of China.Fourth,the data acquisition,collected a wealth of questionnaire firsthand information,for a comprehensive understanding and grasp of the southwest minority areas of rural residents satisfaction and priority to provide an important basis and conditions.The study of rural supply system in southwest ethnic areas is a complex subject,which not only needs the scientific guidance of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,but also needs to be demonstrated through field investigation and sample data collection.Through the way of questionnaire,this paper obtains the relevant data on the real needs and choice wishes of the respondents,which provides an important prerequisite and conditions for comprehensively understanding and grasping the satisfaction and priority order of the rural residents in the southwest minority areas,so as to further improve the efficiency level of the supply of rural public goods in the southwest minority areas.