| Along with the progress of market economy,modern agricultural production factors have been gradually replacing traditional agricultural production factors,meanwhile the small-scale management mode of peasant households as the basic unit has become less incentive day by day,which is deviating from the trend of scale,intensification,specialization,mechanization and marketization required by the development of modern agricultural economy.In the progress of realizing the historical responsibility of "synchronization of the four modernizations",agricultural modernization is the weak link in China’s modernization construction in a long period of time.When transforming from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,the orderly land circulation is the booster of the efficient development of agriculture,where the logic is that the marginal leveling effect will urge farmers with lower marginal returns to transfer their land management rights to other farmers.Under the law of diminishing marginal returns,the marginal returns of the two tend to be equal,and the production efficiency and economic benefits of both land suppliers and land demanders will be improved,so that the efficiency of resource allocation will reach the best at such a point.The practical necessity of the land circulation lies in increasing the degree of concentration and contiguity of land through the pattern allocation of land management scale,driving the allocation changes of capital factors and labor factors,thus forming a moderate scale management and promoting the growth of agricultural economic benefits.The policy of "separation of the three rights" is in line with the development of agricultural economic modernization.The inevitable demand of the development of agricultural economic modernization is to improve the efficiency of agricultural scale operation.In the current research,there are great differences in the investigation conclusions on the efficiency of agricultural scale management among regions.Whether the regional factor endowment,especially the land factor,can be optimally allocated should be the core factor to cause the differences in the efficiency of agricultural scale management among regions,which then raises the following questions: Can the efficiency of agricultural scale management be improved simultaneously in the pace of reform and innovation of rural land property right system? Furthermore,the land circulation aimed at "changes in the allocation of land resources" should have an impact on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,but what is the transmission mechanism and specific effect of the impact?Then it comes to such a problem-oriented research: First and foremost,to sort out the existing theories and review the research trends,to define the related concepts and summarize the concepts and hierarchical relationships of agricultural management subject,land circulation,scale management,etc.,to sort out the existing theories such as farmer economy theory,institutional change theory,land property right theory,scale management theory and factor endowment theory,to review the relevant literature and the relevant research trends of land management right circulation and agricultural scale management;Secondly,to sum up the differentiation characteristics and laws of agricultural scale management efficiency,to review the historical evolution process of agricultural scale management,scientifically calculate the efficiency of agricultural scale management,to analyze the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and transition rules of agricultural scale management efficiency between the whole and the region on such a basis,and to explain in theory;Thirdly,to depict the trend level of land management right circulation,to summarize the formation and limitation of the "separation of the two rights" from historical logic,sort out the policy context of the land management right under the "separation of the three rights",and measure and evaluate the trend level of the circulation of the land management right;Fourthly,to construct and analyze the theoretical framework of conduction system,to decompose the transmission framework of theland circulation to the efficiency of agricultural scale operation,analyze the transmission mode of the land circulation affecting the efficiency of agricultural scale operation,and summarize the possible obstacles in the transmission path of the land circulation to the efficiency of agricultural scale operation;Fifthly,to test the effect from the perspective of transmission path and transmission results,to test the direct effect,interactive effect and intermediary effect of the land circulation and transmission media on the efficiency of agricultural scale management from the perspective of transmission path,and to test the effect of the land circulation on the efficiency of agricultural scale management under the transformation of management pattern from the perspective of transmission results.On the basis of the above research,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Regional factor endowment is the main source of temporal and spatial transition differentiation of agricultural scale management efficiency.First,agricultural scale management has gone through the initial stage,the advocated stage,the exploration stage and the promotion stage;Second,driven by internal economies of scale,it has the power to change to "economical efficiency of land scale" agricultural scale management.Driven by external economies of scale and aggregation economy,it has the power to change to "economical efficiency of service scale" agricultural scale management.The two modes of scale management are interrelated and do not contradict each other.The future development direction should be to adjust the "moderate" agricultural scale management of "economical efficiency of land scale" with farmers as the basic production unit,while the change direction should be to develop the "economical efficiency of service scale" agricultural scale management with vertical integration characteristics;Third,from the perspective of spatial differentiation characteristics,the spatial pattern of agricultural scale management efficiency shows the continuous differentiation characteristics of differential and agglomeration,and the gradient differentiation characteristics gradually disappear.According to the law of space-time transition,the efficiency of agricultural scale management among provinces in China has both dynamic and stable forms in the evolution of local spatial structure.However,no matter it shows the evolution form of convergence or alienation,the space-time dependence effect of its evolution process is weak,and it is less affected by the outside factors,especially the neighborhood,i.e.The differentiation characteristics of overall jump diffusion and local transition inertia coexist.Fourth,from the perspective of the differentiation power of space-time transition,the differential characteristics and local agglomeration characteristics formed by the spatial differentiation characteristics of agricultural scale management efficiency are the manifestations of the diffusion form of local spatial neighbors under polarization effect.The gradual breaking of the gradient characteristics of agricultural scale management efficiency and the obvious inertia of local spatial transition in the evolution are the manifestations of local spatial hierarchical diffusion and overall spatial jump diffusion under trickle effect.(2)Under the "separation of three rights",the land circulation shows a trend of rising and diversified development.First,the policy of "separation of the three rights" has gone through three stages in the number of official documents issued: rapid increase(2003-2009),stable development(2010-2017)and mature decline(2018-present).At the level of central laws and regulations,the main issuing organizations are the State Council agencies that carry out targeted regulation and control within the scope of departmental authority.At the level of local laws and regulations,the main issuing organizations are mostly concentrated in the provinces in the North China Plain and the plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Second,the land circulation in our country is carried out in an orderly manner under the guidance of policies.As for the smoothness and trend level of land circulation,the situation that it was difficult to effectively circulate in the past has been broken and are steadily improving.Separately,the speed and area of the land circulation are expanding rapidly.The receivers of land circulation includes farmers,enterprises,professional cooperatives and other agricultural production and operation entities,while the circulation forms include lease,subcontract,exchange,transfer,share cooperation and other forms.(3)The mechanism of land circulation affects the efficiency of agricultural scale management lies in both transmission paths of space-time dimension and mode dimension.First,the subject of transmission includes two levels: the government and farmers.The transmission object includes the subject of agricultural management and agricultural scale management,the transmission carrier is the normative legal documents loaded with policy contents,the transmission medium mainly includes land aggregation and integration,the differentiation of farmers’ concurrent businesses and the change of production costs,and the transmission environment mainly refers to the social environment,institutional environment and economic environment.Second,among the transmission components that affect the efficiency of agricultural scale management and produce effects,the land circulation presents the characteristics of dynamic complexity and feedback loop under the space-time structure,forming a chain-like spatial dimension transmission path and a ring-like time dimension transmission path;Through the expansion of land scale,the land circulation drives the changes of other agricultural production factors and technologies,and guides the changes of agricultural production methods and organization methods,in which there is "economical efficiency of land scale" that is the transmission process of "horizontal" expansion land scale management mode.When agricultural production and operation activities are involved in division of labor,the scale management of agricultural land is transformed into scale management of service,and the scale economy is also shown as division of labor economy.Then the land circulation realizes the transmission process of "vertical" extended scale management of service.The above transmission paths are coordinated,interwoven and difficult to divide.(4)The circulation(transfer-in)of land management rights has an impact on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,taking the land aggregation and integration,the differentiation of farmers’ concurrent businesses and the change of production costs as media factors.First,the transferin of land management rights,the land aggregation and integration,and the change of production costs have direct effects on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,while the differentiation of farmers’ concurrent businesses cannot directly affect the efficiency of agricultural scale management;Second,through the test of interaction effect,the interaction items of land management right transferin,the land aggregation and integration,and the degree of farmers’ concurrent business differentiation have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,indicating that the transfer-in of land management rights has a dependent relationship with the above transmission media,and mutual restriction and coordination have an impact on the change of agricultural scale management efficiency.After adding control variables,the degree of land flatness and the difficulty of obtaining social services in the endowment characteristics of farmers have significant positive effects on the efficiency of agricultural scale management;Third,the degree of the land aggregation and integration and the degree of farmers’ concurrent-business differentiation cannot play the intermediary function of transferring land management rights to affect the efficiency of agricultural scale management,and the above two intermediary paths are blocked.According to the comparison of the test results of the interaction effect between the transfer-in of land management rights and the transmission medium variables,although the interaction items between the land circulation,the land aggregation and integration and the degree of agricultural concurrent-business differentiation have significant effects on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,there is no chain relationship between these effects;Fourth,agricultural production units will affect the allocation direction and scale of their production assets after making the decision on the land circulation.The corresponding investment changes will lead to changes in the efficiency of agricultural scale management.There is a chain transmission process of "the land circulation → the investment change of production assets→ the efficiency of agricultural scale management".(5)The transfer-in of land management rights has obvious promotion effect on the efficiency of agricultural scale management of farmers with large professional management mode,cash crops dominant structure,and combination of grain and cash crops.Firstly,different methods such as kernel matching,K-nearest neighbor matching and caliper matching are adopted to estimate the average treatment effect of the total sample treatment group and the control group.The results show that the efficiency of agricultural scale management in the transfer-in treatment group is generally higher than that in the control group.The transfer-in of land management rights has a positive effect on the efficiency of agricultural scale management,while there is no significant effect between the transferout of land management rights and the efficiency of agricultural scale management;Secondly,the average treatment effect under the differentiation of management mode and planting structure is further estimated.The transfer-in of land management rights has a significant promotion effect on the agricultural scale management efficiency of farmers with large professional management mode,cash crops dominant structure and combination of grain and cash crops.Based on the above conclusions and empirical results,in order to break the block that the land circulation affects the efficiency of agricultural scale management,the following points should be paid attention to: First,for the transmission subject,the central government should formulate scientific farmland protection system and planning scheme,and the local government should clearly define the government functions,focusing on playing the role of guidance,supervision and service.At the same time,a land circulation income adjustment mechanism should be established to enhance the stability of farmers’ contracts;Second,for the transmission object,professional farmers should be trained to have new agricultural management subjects who will play a leading role in demonstration;Third,for the transmission carrier,the reform of "separation of three rights" should be deepened and the ownership of "three rights" should be clarified;Fourth,as far as the transmission medium is concerned,it is necessary to ensure and allow farmers to negotiate and independently adjust the relationship between the contracted households and specific plots.It is also necessary to attach importance to the cultivation of agricultural talents and establish a mechanism for the cultivation of agricultural talents;Fifth,for the transmission environment,we should gradually improve the household registration system,unify the social security system,and improve high-quality agricultural socialized services and circulation market-oriented services. |
PDF Full Text Request