Research On The Influence Of Functional Dependence On The Disposal Behavior Of Farmers’ Homestead And Its Welfare Effect

In the review of the "three land" reform in rural areas,the homestead system is the"most backward" one,and it is also the one that needs to be broken through."The policy system is important.For a long time,attracted by the strategic orientation of urban priority development and its development magnetism,a large number of high-quality production factors from rural areas have flowed to cities,which not only boosted the rapid development of urban economy,but also caused the realistic dilemma of the coexistence of rigid demand for urban land and extensive use of rural land.In order to revitalize the"sleeping" asset of homestead and respond to the urgent need of farmers to realize the value of homestead assets,the reform of the homestead system provides a diversified mode of homestead utilization in policy design.However,because the functions carried by the homestead itself bring many conveniences to the production and life of farmers,it is also the bottom line for the survival and development of farmers.For the protection of their own rights and interests,farmers are not very involved in the diversified revitalization model of homestead.Therefore,from the perspective of homestead function,it is necessary to deeply excavate the key functional factors that affect the decision-making behavior of farmers’ homestead utilization,and to solve the real dilemma of the poor implementation of the homestead system reform from the root.On the basis of sorting out and summarizing the classic literature,based on the theory of property rights,the theory of land function,the theory of farmers’ behavior,the theory of land rent and land price,and the theory of welfare economics,this study constructs the "Measurement of Homestead Function Dependence and Spatial Differences —-The impact of functional dependence on different homestead utilization decisions(including circulation and exit)and location heterogeneity-Changes in farmers’ welfare levels under different homestead utilization decisions-Policy recommendations based on the protection of farmers’ rights and interests" research framework.Using the micro-survey data of 803 farmer households in Luxian,Sichuan,and Pingluo,Ningxia,the pilot areas for the reform of the homestead system,on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of farmers’ dependence on homestead functions and the spatial differentiation in the sample areas,we empirically explored functional dependence.Influence,internal mechanism and location differences on the decision-making behavior of farmers’ homestead utilization.In order to provide decision-making reference for the reform of the homestead system.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)From the point of view of farmers’ dependence on the function of homestead,the degree of dependence of farmers on the security function of homestead is far greater than that in suburban villages and pure rural areas,but the dependence on the production function of homestead is significantly weaker than the average;urban villages and suburban villages The dependence of rural households on the function of homestead assets is far greater than that of pure rural areas,and it is significantly higher than the average.There are also some differences in the scores of emotional function dependence among the three types of villages,but the difference is not large.The dependence of pure rural households on the emotional function of homestead is obviously weaker than the average value.(2)From the point of view of the dominance of farmers’ dependence on the function of homestead,the dominance of the rural households in the suburban villages on the security function of the homestead is significantly weaker than the average value;the advantage of the production function of the homestead in the urban villages is much lower than that of the suburban villages and pure rural areas.,and is significantly weaker than the average value;the asset function dominance of pure rural homesteads is much smaller than that of urban villages and suburban villages;the difference in emotional function dependence dominance among the three types of villages is not obvious,but the advantages in urban villages and suburban villages are not obvious.significantly weaker than the average.(3)Using the scores and dominance of farmers’ dependence on homestead functions as indicators,the method of systematic clustering was used to divide farmers into four types.Among them,"survival security" and "asset appreciation" are the main types of farm households."Survival security" farmers are mainly distributed in urban villages;"Asset appreciation" farmers are mainly concentrated in urban and suburban villages;The distribution is consistent with its resource endowment;the "emotional attachment" type farmers are mainly distributed in pure rural areas,and the distribution is consistent with the production and living environment and experience of farmers.(4)Dependence on production function has a significant negative impact on the transfer behavior of farmers ’ homestead,with a marginal effect of about 18%;asset functional dependence has a significant positive impact on the transfer behavior of farmers’ homestead,with a marginal effect of 23%.From the perspective of location differences,both security function dependence and production function dependence have a significant negative impact on the transfer behavior of rural households in urban villages;asset functional dependence has a significant negative impact on the transfer behavior of rural households in suburban villages;asset functional dependence has a significant negative impact It has a significant positive impact on the transfer behavior of pure rural households’ homestead.From the analysis of the mechanism,the market environment has a significant moderating role in the influence of the guarantee function dependence,production function dependence and asset function dependence on the transfer behavior of farmers’ homestead,and there is regional heterogeneity.Farmers with different functional dependencies have different choices for different homestead circulation modes.(5)Both security function dependence and production function dependence have a significant negative impact on farmers’ homestead exit behavior,with marginal effects of about 14% and 35%,respectively;asset function dependence has a significant positive impact on farmers’ homestead exit behavior,with marginal effects.The effect is about21%.From the perspective of location differences,asset function dependence has a significant positive impact on the exit behavior of rural households in urban villages;both security function dependence and production function dependence have a significant negative impact on rural households’ homestead exit behavior in suburban villages;The rural farmers’ homestead withdrawal behavior has a significant negative impact.From the perspective of mechanism analysis,government compensation has a significant moderating role in the influence of farmers’ homestead exit behavior on security function dependence,production function dependence and asset function dependence,and there is regional heterogeneity.Farmers with different functional dependencies have heterogeneity in their selection propensity for different government compensation methods.(6)Both the decision to transfer the homestead and the decision to withdraw from the homestead have improved the welfare level of the farmers.From the perspective of different functional activities,the welfare level of various functional activities of the homestead transfer households has improved,and the welfare level of the homestead exiting households has only improved in terms of living conditions,employment and development.From the perspective of location differences,the total welfare improvement value of homestead transfer households is as follows: pure rural areas > urban villages >suburban villages.The value of the total welfare improvement of households leaving the homestead is as follows: urban villages are much higher than suburban villages and pure rural areas,and there is little difference in welfare changes between suburban villages and pure rural areas.From the perspective of different functional activities,the welfare level of various functional activities of homestead transfer households has improved in all three types of villages.Only in terms of living conditions,employment and development,the welfare level of households withdrawing from homesteads has improved in all three types of villages.(7)In the counterfactual scenario,when the homestead transfer farmer chooses not to transfer the homestead,the farmer’s welfare drops by 17.07%,and the decline ratio is as follows: suburban village > urban village > pure rural area;when the homestead is not transferred,the farmer chooses to transfer the homestead,Welfare increased by 32.09%,and the proportion of increase was: pure rural > suburban village > urban village.When the homestead was withdrawn and the farmers chose not to withdraw from the homestead,the welfare of the farmers decreased by 8.04%,and the decline ratio was as follows: urban villages > suburban villages > pure rural;The rising proportion is as follows: urban villages > pure rural areas > suburban villages.With the increase of the transfer time of the homestead,the economic status,employment and development,and psychological and emotional welfare of farmers can be further improved.With the increase of homestead withdrawal time,the economic status and welfare level of farmers can be further improved,and the improvement level is as follows: suburban villages > pure rural areas.According to the research conclusions,the following policy suggestions are put forward: firstly,pay attention to the location difference of homesteads,and effectively protect the differentiated rights and interests of farmers;secondly,establish a sound market mechanism to lower the threshold for the circulation of homesteads;thirdly,provide diversified government compensation to improve the The accuracy of "retreat" and "replenishment" of the base;fourth,stick to the bottom line of reform and grasp the dynamic and advanced law of farmers’ welfare needs.