| As a kind of physicochemical technology,chemical fertilizer has made important contributions in increasing crop yield,ensuring crop growth rate and ensuring the supply security of agricultural products.Chemical fertilizer input not only promotes agricultural production,but also brings serious pollution problems.As the main body of agricultural production and management,farmers are the main body of agricultural technology behavior selection.Only farmers accept and adopt the technology of reducing fertilizer application,the quality and safety of agricultural products can be solved.Promoting the reduction of chemical fertilizer is an important part of improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural development.However,the implementation of the reduction of chemical fertilizer faces many difficulties,such as the aging of farmers,the limited ability to accept new technologies,and the lack of institutional incentives.Agricultural technology training is still an important means for farmers to obtain agricultural science and technology innovation information and change their production behavior at this stage.Agricultural technology training can intervene,guide and control farmers’ Fertilization behaviors and methods through relevant institutions and experts under the command of government departments,so as to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers.Therefore,it is necessary to study farmers’ fertilizer reduction behavior from the perspective of agricultural technology training,solve the technical difficulties encountered by farmers in fertilizer reduction,and guide farmers to implement and adopt fertilizer reduction behavior in agricultural production.Based on this,taking the rice,apple,tea and vegetable growers in Yiling District and Zhongxiang City of Hubei Province,Muping District,Junan County of Shandong Province and Nanling County of Anhui Province as the research objects,the analysis framework of"willingness to reduce chemical fertilizer-behavior to reduce chemical fertilizer-effect of chemical fertilizer reduction" is constructed by using the theory of farmers’ behavior,the theory of planned behavior and the theory of agricultural technology diffusion,The influence mechanism of agricultural technology training on Farmers’ fertilizer reduction behavior was systematically studied.Make statistical analysis on the application structure,application amount,training participation and awareness of agricultural non-point source pollution of sample farmers,and investigate the impact of agricultural technology training on Farmers’ willingness,behavior and effect of fertilizer reduction from different training modes and different crop types,so as to promote the development of modern agriculture with "high output efficiency,product safety,resource conservation and environmental friendliness",The improvement of agricultural technology training and extension system provides theoretical basis and empirical support.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Most farmers are willing to participate in agricultural technology training,and only 7.67%of them are resistant;About 50%of the farmers have a high level of cognition in the aspects of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by excessive fertilization,adverse effects on human health and the quality of agricultural products,etc;In the application of chemical fertilizer,most farmers will consider the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients and the depth of fertilization.After the training,farmers’ willingness to reduce fertilizer application has been greatly improved,and only a small number of farmers still prefer to use traditional fertilizer application methods to ensure agricultural output;In the behavior stage,some cash crop growers believe that the benefits brought by the fertilizer reduction technology do not equal the damage of the yield decline,and that the fertilizer reduction technology has a slow effect and a large amount of manual investment;However,the number of rice crop growers who choose to reduce the application amount is larger,which is related to the fact that the chemical fertilizer reduction technology for grain crops is simpler and easier to operate than that for economic crops.(2)The effect of agricultural technology training on fertilizer reduction behavior of different crop growers is different.In the formation stage of the willingness to reduce fertilizer application,the technology of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency has a significant positive impact on rice farmers,fruit,vegetable and tea cash crop farmers,but the impact on cash crop farmers is greater than that on rice farmers.The variables of "behavior attitude","subjective norm" and "perceived behavior control" can promote the willingness of rice farmers and cash crop farmers to reduce fertilizer application.Compared with rice growers,the age and farming years of cash crop growers have a negative impact on the behavior of fertilizer reduction,while the age variable has no significant impact on the behavior of rice crop growers.This can be explained as follows:the complexity of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase technology for cash crops is higher than that for rice crops.Specifically,young people have a high level of education,accept new knowledge quickly,and are easier to master the technology of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency of cash crops.However,the technology of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency of rice crops is mainly based on soil testing,formula fertilization and mechanical fertilization,which is relatively simple and can be mastered by ordinary farmers.(3)The effect of agricultural technology training mode on the reduction of fertilizer application by farmers is different.In the stage of willingness formation,the cultivation type of capable people has the greatest positive impact on the formation of farmers’willingness to reduce fertilizer application,and the impact of typical demonstration type is not significant;In the stage of farmers’ fertilizer reduction behavior,the project promotion type has the greatest positive impact,followed by farmers field schools and expert instructors,the typical demonstration type with farmers’ production experts as instructors,and the media communication type with rural radio as the training subject have no impact.The enterprise driven type can promote the farmers’ willingness to reduce fertilizer application,but the impact is negative in the behavior stage.This may be because the agricultural means of production enterprises often combine the sales of agricultural means of production with free training,and often aim to increase the sales of agricultural means of production such as fertilizers and pesticides.Therefore,the phenomenon of high willingness to reduce fertilizer application-low behavior occurs.(4)It is found that the amount of fertilizer used by trained farmers is significantly less than that of untrained farmers.It shows that agricultural technology training can effectively promote farmers to reduce fertilizer application.At the same time,the production technology efficiency and fertilizer application technology efficiency of farmers were estimated.It was found that the production technology efficiency and fertilizer application technology efficiency of farmers after training were higher than those before training,and the fertilizer application technology efficiency of cash crops was higher than that of rice crops.However,compared with the production technology efficiency,the fertilizer application technology efficiency of the two types of farmers still has much room to improve.(5)From the perspective of farmers’ differentiation,the behavior of small-scale farmers’ fertilizer reduction is affected by the "position in the village".Village cadres have a higher awareness of agricultural green production than other small farmers,and the identity of village cadres requires them to play a demonstration and driving role and assume the responsibility of technology diffusion.The behavior of reducing fertilizer application of medium-sized farmers is positively affected by the "number of agricultural labor force".It shows that the more the trained farmers with medium planting scale have,the more they tend to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer.The reduction behavior of large-scale planting farmers is affected by "gender" and "education level".Most of the investigated large-scale planting farmers are men,who are responsible for the decision-making of production direction and technology adoption at home.Most of the large-scale farmers are capable or high-quality farmers in the village,who can well combine the production of agricultural products with market demand,and pay more attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products.(6)Social capital plays a positive role in regulating the fertilizer reduction behavior of the trained rice and cash crop farmers.The effect of technology adoption indirectly affects farmers’ behavior of reducing fertilizer application through intermediary effect.The application effect of organic fertilizer,training effect and farmers’ cognitive level all positively affect farmers’ fertilizer reduction behavior.Based on the research and analysis,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward:strengthen the top-level design and establish a compensation mechanism;Strengthen the leading role of the government and improve the agricultural technology training system;Improve the orientation of agricultural technology training and enhance farmers’ technical awareness;Improve market supervision and strengthen technical research and development;Pay attention to the integration of agricultural technology training and farmers’ social capital to improve market competitiveness.The innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)following the planned behavior theory and the logic of "will behavior effect",this paper analyzes the impact of external intervention factors such as agricultural technology training effect,training service level,farmers’ social capital and farmers’ social capital on Farmers’fertilizer reduction behavior.On this basis,considering the impact mechanism of the two on the reduction of fertilizer application,it provides a marginal contribution for a better understanding of the impact of agricultural technology training on Farmers’ behavior of fertilizer application reduction,and enriches the theory of farmers’ behavior to a certain extent;(2)Most of the existing studies include "whether to participate in agricultural technology training" as an independent variable in the analysis framework of farmers’fertilizer reduction behavior,and few studies systematically analyze the specific mechanism of agricultural technology training on Farmers’ willingness and behavior of fertilizer reduction.Firstly,starting from the willingness of farmers to reduce fertilizer application in agricultural technology training,this paper analyzes the impact of training on the willingness of cash crop farmers and rice crop farmers to reduce fertilizer application,summarizes the agricultural technology training modes carried out in various regions,and analyzes the differences of different training modes on Farmers’ willingness to reduce fertilizer application.Secondly,it demonstrates the impact of training on Farmers’fertilizer reduction behavior;(3)In terms of empirical evidence,most of the existing studies focus on a certain region or a certain crop to conduct micro data investigation.The applicability of this conclusion is more reflected in the studied crops and research areas.Based on this,farmers’ crops are divided into two types:cash crops and food crops.Rice,apple,vegetable and tea farmers are selected for characterization,and five regions in Shandong,Hubei and Anhui provinces are selected for field follow-up investigation. |
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