| The digital economy,which is represented by network information technology,is profoundly changing human production and lifestyle,and being the new power of world economic growth.As developing country in digital economy,China relies on improving digital infrastructure to achieve the explosive growth.In 2019,AS 5G networks operate commercially in China’s major cities,China becomes one of the latest countries which layout 5G network in the world.In 2020,facing the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19,China proposes to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure construction(new infrastructure)such as 5G network and data centers.The digital economy and the digital infrastructure has been the driving engine of high quality development in the new era of China.Since joining the WTO,China with rapid growth in international trade relies on labor advantage and integrates into GVC.After over ten years rapid growth,China has become the world’s largest trading country and the world’s second largest economy.However,with the rapid growth,the increasing labor force,the increasing land costs and the technology blockade of developed countries,China faces the "middle income trap" and the"low end lock" of the global value chain.How to cross the bottleneck and realize our manufacturing industry to high-end links such as design,R&D,marketing is the key to the new round of industrial development in China.The development of digital economy runs through the industrial chain,value chain,innovation chain and other chains.With the popularity of the Internet and the new generation of mobile communication technologies,the international division of labor in global value chains has become more and more detailed.The increasing number of countries have integrated into global production networks,realizing the effective allocation of resources and the further opening of markets.The good digital infrastructure,become the foundation and important carrier of digital economy development.In the new round of international competition,the emerging developing countries,represented by China,attach great importance to the development of the digital economy and strive to upgrade their own industrial level through the continuous improvement of digital infrastructure and enhanced information technology in the new round of industrial revolution.In this context,it is necessary to pay attention to the two hot topics,which is the digital economy and global value chain.From the perspective of digital infrastructure,this paper discusses its influence on the status of global value chain of countries,provinces,cities and enterprises.On the one hand,the paper attempts to prove that there are differences in the status of global value chains among economies,which exist in various domestic factors,including in the field of digital infrastructure.On the other hand,it is necessary to analyze the inherent mechanism of digital infrastructure affecting the status of global value chains in economies and to construct an analytical framework for the study of digital infrastructure and global value chains.With the rapid development of digital economy,the paper is based on the research perspective of important elements of the digital economy--digital infrastructure,and explores the effects and mechanisms of digital infrastructure on GVC,from the macro view--countries,middle view--provinces and cities,to the micro view--enterprises.The paper also uses statistical methods,test the intelligent city,high-speed rail for provincial and municipal GVC embedding and GVC status promotion.The paper is divided into four parts.The first part consists of chapters 1 and 2,chapter 1 introduces the research background,the research methods and the research Innovation.Chapter 2 evaluates the literature on global value chain,digital economy,digital infrastructure and the impact of digital economy on international trade and economy,demonstrates the existing literature research perspective and research content,and analyses the theoretical mechanisms of digital infrastructure and GVC.The second part defines and measures the core concepts,including chapters 3 and 4.Chapter 3 shows the development characteristics,present situation and trend of the digital economy and digital infrastructure in major countries of the world,especially China.Chapter 4 focuses on the development of global value chain theory,and shows the measurement methods and results of global value chain from macro countries to micro enterprises.The third part is the core of this paper,including chapters 5,6,7 and 8.By building empirical models,the paper examines and analyses the effects of the main indicators of digital infrastructure on the countries’ value chain status,the provinces and municipalities’value chain status,and the domestic value added rate of enterprises’exports,as well as their mechanism and effective,It is proved that digital infrastructure positively promotes the position of global value chain from multi-dimensions.The fourth part is chapter 9,summarizes the research conclusion,puts forward the policy suggestions,analyzes the inadequate of research,and looks ahead the future research in the field of digital trade.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)By constructing the empirical analysis model of digital infrastructure for GVC status,the empirical test results show that digital infrastructure has a significant positive impact on the upgrading of country’s value chain.In terms of impact effectiveness,special attention is paid to the embedding effect.The empirical results show that digital infrastructure has a positive impact on the embedding of a country’s global value chain,especially on forward participation,which contributes to the upgrading of a country’s value chain;in addition to the embedding effect,other indirect effects are also examined,such as the discovery that digital infrastructure promotes value chain by reducing the negative effect of FDI on a country’s value chain status.Through mediated effect analysis to test the mechanism of digital infrastructure,it is found that the improvement of digital infrastructure can realize the promotion of a country’s global value chain by improving the efficiency of new knowledge spillover and innovation efficiency.(2)By setting up three spatial matrices of proximity,geography and economy,the paper analyses the spatial effect of digital infrastructure on the domestic value added rate of province.The main findings are as follows:it is significantly positive of the direct effect of digital infrastructure on the province’s DVAR,that is,increasing investment in digital infrastructure will effectively drive the domestic value added rate of exports in the region.The indirect effect of digital infrastructure on other provinces is significantly negative in the benchmark regression,that is,the development of digital infrastructure in the region will inhibit the domestic value added rate of exports in other regions.In the sub-regional study,it was found that the positive direct effect of increasing digital infrastructure investment in the central and western regions and the negative indirect effect are more significant than that in the eastern region.By adding open variable and interactions,the higher the openness,the smaller the negative inhibition effect.In the sub-annual study,the investment in digital infrastructure significantly contributes to the domestic value added rate of regional exports between 2008 and2013,while the direct effect of digital infrastructure is not significant between 2003 and 2008.(3)Through the empirical study of the impact of digital infrastructure on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese enterprises,the conclusions follows:after controlling the basic characteristics of enterprises,the digital infrastructure,such as network,mobile communication and telecommunication equipment,has a significant positive impact on the domestic value-added rate of enterprises’ exports;In the study of the sample according to different types of enterprises,it finds that before 2008,there is no significant difference between lower-tech enterprises(labor-intensive enterprises,processing trade enterprises)and other higher-tech enterprises.However,after 2008,the positive impact on mixed trade enterprises and high-tech enterprises such as capital-intensive enterprises was higher than that of processing trade and labor-intensive enterprises.It finds that cost addition and factor substitution elasticity are two important channels for digital infrastructure to affect the domestic value added rate of enterprises.(4)Using causality analysis to investigate the impact of policies of upgrading digital infrastructure on global value chains.Through the quasi randomized trial of multi-period DID method,it finds that the opening of high-speed rail has significantly increased the domestic value-added rate of local enterprises.In 2012,China began to pilot smart cities.The policy effect of smart city is tested by DID method and multi-period DID method.By examining the policy interaction items of enterprise heterogeneity and urban heterogeneity,it finds that the trade model of enterprise,the nature of the enterprise,the openness of the city,the investment of urban R&D and education,the urban capacity to attract foreign capital can regulate the influence effect of high-speed rail and intelligent city on the global value chain of local enterprises. |
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