Study On The Income Growth Of Rice Agricultural Service Under The Background Of Grain Security

One of the core issues of the "three rural issues"in China is to promote farmers’income,especially increasing income by planting grain.In recent years,with the increasing cost of grain planting,the intensification of resource and environmental constraints,the limited increasing of grain price,it is difficult for the traditional grain production mode to promote the continuous income increase of farmers.The core is to solve the "connection between small farmers and modern agriculture" and solve the"modernization of small farmers’ grain production" problems.The key is to transform the modern agricultural production factors into the grain mode and improve the modernization level of grain production,so as to promote the increase of farmers’income and ensure the national food security.The reality is that farmers are limited by the endowment conditions such as insufficient quantity and quality of agricultural labor force,small and scattered land management scale,and limited financial resources for agricultural investment.It is difficult for farmers to increase their income by introducing modern agricultural production factors to change the mode of grain planting.Farmers’willingness to grow grain is declining,and national food security is threatened.The situation of farmers’ land not planting grain or farmers’ extensive planting of grain is increasing.In order to promote farmers’ income from planting and ensure national food security,the State supports and encourages farmers to purchase agricultural socialized services,rely on agricultural service organizations to complete the weak links of farmers’ food planting.Through socialized division,modern agricultural science and technology,modern agricultural materials and equipment,modern agricultural management methods and management concepts are introduced into grain planting to increase farmers’ income and ensure national food security.So,does this agricultural socialized service based on division of labor promote the increase of farmers’ planting income?What is the mechanism of agricultural services to increase farmers’ planting income?Aiming at the shortage of existing research,this paper takes rice farmers,one of the three major food crops,as the research sample to explore the situation and mechanism of agricultural services affecting increasing of farmers’ planting income.Exploring above issues will not only help promote the theoretical understanding of agricultural services promoting farmers’ planting income,but also provide support for various agricultural service organizations to meet farmers’ service needs and the country to formulate agricultural related policies.Chengdu-Chongqing region is a traditional grain planting area in China,and it is also a dominant rice planting area in the Yangtze River.Rice is the staple food of people in this region with a long history of planting.Compared with other regions in China,the per capita planting area is smaller,the land fragmentation is more serious,and the terrain is more complex in this region.On the one hand,it is restricted by the natural objective conditions such as less arable land per capita,serious land fragmentation and barren land;on the other hand,it is constrained by the shortage of agricultural labor force,the poor quality of labor force,and the low quality and skills of personnel;and the low quality of agricultural products and low comprehensive commodity rate.All these have made it more difficult for farmers to increase their planting income.With the increasing attention paid by the state to farmers’ planting income and food security,and the deepening of the marketization of agricultural services,it provides a practical basis for the study of agricultural services in Chengdu-Chongqing region to promote farmers’planting income.Therefore,it is more important and urgent to study whether agricultural services in Chengdu-Chongqing region can promote farmers’ planting income.This paper takes the rice farmers in Chengdu-Chongqing region as the research object,constructs the theoretical analysis framework of rice socialized service promoting the increase of farmers’ planting income,and conducts empirical research.Specific contents include the following four aspects:First,based on the existing research results and theoretical basis,clarify the relationship between rice socialized services and farmers’ planting income.On this basis,a theoretical analysis framework on the promotion of farmers’ planting income by rice socialized services is constructed,and a hypothesis to be tested is proposed;Secondly,according to the attribute differences of rice production links,explore the behavioral differences and causes of farmers’ adoption of rice socialized services with different attributes;Third,build a mathematical model to test that rice socialized services increase farmers’ planting income,and investigate the impact of rice socialized services on farmers’ rice planting income and its mechanism;Fourth,according to the empirical analysis conclusions,the paper puts forward policy suggestions on increasing farmers’ planting income and ensuring national food security through rice socialized services.At the theoretical level,this paper mainly uses the theory of division of labor,the theory of traditional agricultural transformation and the theory of induced technological change to discuss the problem of rice socialized service and the increase of farmers’planting income,and explores the impact of different attributes of rice planting links on farmers’ income.On the empirical level,this paper mainly uses ordered Probit regression and ordered Logit regression to test the effect mechanism of rice socialized service on increasing farmers’ planting income;Extended regression model(ERM),conditional mixed process estimation(CPM),least squares(2SLS),and propensity score matching(PSM)were used to verify the robustness and reliability of the results.The value of this paper is to draw a series of important research conclusions based on the micro survey data of 581 farmers in Chengdu-Chongqing region.Conclusion 1:The rice socialized service takes the division of labor as the premise,the service as the means,and the income increase as the goal.It is the basic logic to promote the increase of farmers’ rice planting income by introducing modern agricultural production factors to break the grain planting dilemma and farmers’ own limitations,and by changing the rice planting mode to reduce rice planting costs,increase rice yield,and improve rice quality.Conclusion 2:Rice planting is a complex process,and there are attribute differences in each link of rice planting.According to the labor intensity and physical consumption required in each link of rice planting,as well as the level of knowledge,experience and skills requirements,it can be mainly divided into labor-intensive and technology intensive.The key of rice socialized service to increase farmers’ income is to effectively introduce different types of agricultural production factors in different attribute planting links.Among them,agricultural machinery are mainly introduced in labor-intensive links to change the way of rice operation to increase farmers’ income;The technology intensive links mainly introduce modern agricultural science and technology and management concepts to increase farmers’ income.Conclusion 3:There are differences in farmers’ adoption of rice socialized services in rice planting links with different attributes.The behavior regular is that farmers adopt rice labor-intensive services before technology intensive services,and the proportion of farmers adopting labor-intensive services and the degree of service adoption are much higher than technology intensive services.The reason is that when purchasing services,farmers pay more attention to the income increase brought by the reduction of rice planting cost than the increase of rice production and quality.Conclusion 4:There are three main mechanisms of rice socialized service to increase farmers’ income.First,the labor-intensive service of rice mainly promotes the income increase of farmers by reducing the cost of rice planting through operation mechanization,and more than 80%of the income increase is achieved through operation mechanization;Secondly,rice technology intensive services mainly promote farmers’ income by increasing rice output through refined management,and high-quality inputs also have a positive impact on rice output.Refined management and high-quality inputs play more than 90%of the intermediary role in the impact of services on farmers’ income;Third,rice technology intensive services mainly promote farmers’ income by improving the quality of rice output through high-quality inputs,and the refinement of management also has a positive impact on the improvement of rice quality.The high-quality inputs and refined management play an intermediary role of about 90%in the impact of services on farmers’ income.The value of this paper is also reflected in:Theoretically,this paper has deepened the understanding of the relationship between agricultural socialized services and farmers’ income increase,promoted the theoretical exploration of agricultural socialized services to promote farmers’ income increase by planting grain,and enriched and developed the theoretical research on agricultural services and farmers’ income increase.Practically,this paper will provide practical guidance for the promotion and application of agricultural services to enhance farmers’ income and ensure national food security under the new situation,provide strong support for various agricultural service organizations to better meet the service needs of different farmers,and guide the differentiated development of various agricultural service organizations in China.At the policy level,this paper proposes:Deepen the degree of socialized division of labor,and promote the modernization level of rice planting;Establish a benefit sharing mechanism to enhance the effect of service income increase;Build a platform for coordinated development to increase service revenue continuously;Boost the development of service organizations and improve the quality of service supply;Create a good business order and improve the efficiency of service supply.