Research On Poverty Reduction Effect Of The Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy

Poverty is a persistent disease of human society.Eliminating poverty,improving people’s livelihood and realizing common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism.The Chinese government attaches great importance to poverty alleviation.In2014,in order to solve the problem that the existing poverty alleviation policies failed to identify households well,China began to implement the targeted poverty alleviation policy.Since the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation policy,the government has invested a lot of poverty alleviation resources around the policy,making the identification and assistance of poor households more accurate,and poor households have received more preferential policies and intellectual support.During the implementation of the policy,the total scale of agricultural related financial funds at all levels used by all national poverty-stricken counties as a whole was 1.6 trillion yuan,accounting for 1.58% of the annual GDP in 2020,of which the special poverty alleviation funds of the central government increased by 20 billion yuan a year,reached 146.1 billion yuan by the end of 2020,and a total investment of 660.1 billion yuan.A total of 710 billion yuan of micro credit and 668.8 billion yuan of refinancing for poverty alleviation were issued,and 9.2 trillion yuan of targeted financial poverty alleviation loans were issued.What is the poverty reduction effect of the targeted poverty alleviation policy implemented for a long time? How does it affect the poverty status of farmers? How to optimize the corresponding policies? Answering these questions is of great significance for China to formulate Poverty Alleviation Policies during the transition period between poverty alleviation and Rural Revitalization.At the same time,it can also provide new anti-poverty theories and samples for the anti-poverty cause all over the world.In view of this,this study evaluates the poverty reduction effect of targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies according to the logical main line of "framework construction-effect evaluation-policy suggestions".Firstly,based on the poverty theories such as feasible ability deprivation theory,relative poverty theory and poverty vulnerability,this paper constructs the evaluation framework of the effect of targeted poverty alleviation policy,determines the evaluation criteria of the policy effect,divides the policy effect into short-term wide poverty reduction effect and long-term deep poverty reduction effect,and measures the short-term poverty reduction effect of the policy through the improvement of farmers’ Multi-dimensional relative poverty,The long-term poverty reduction effect of the policy is measured by the improvement of farmers’ poverty vulnerability.Secondly,using the four phases of CFPS tracking data from 2012 to 2018,this paper uses the A-F double boundary method to calculate the multidimensional relative poverty index of farmers in China,and empirically discusses the impact effect and mechanism of targeted poverty alleviation policy on Farmers’ multidimensional relative poverty on the basis of calculation,in order to evaluate the short-term effect of the policy;Using VEP method,this paper calculates the poverty vulnerability index of farmers in China,and empirically discusses the impact effect and mechanism of targeted poverty alleviation policy on Farmers’ poverty vulnerability,in order to evaluate the long-term effect of the policy.Finally,it summarizes the conclusions of the above analysis and puts forward policy suggestions.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,the calculation results of multidimensional relative poverty index show that:(1)in terms of farmers’ one-dimensional poverty,from 2012 to 2018,except for the relative income index,the incidence of poverty in other indicators has been significantly reduced,and the poverty situation of farmers has been greatly improved;The incidence of one-dimensional poverty in most indicators in the western region is higher than that in the eastern and central regions.(2)In recent years,the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers in China has shown a significant downward trend,but there is still room for improvement.When the critical value k=0.3,24% of farmers are still in the multidimensional relative poverty state;Multidimensional relative poverty households,multidimensional relative poverty incidence,total poverty deprivation and multidimensional relative poverty index gradually decreased;The multidimensional relative poverty in the western region is the most serious,followed by the central part and the eastern part again;The change range of the average deprivation share of all farmers is small.The main reason for the decline of multi-dimensional relative poverty of farmers in China is the reduction of the total number of poor people,while the number of deprived families in poverty has not changed significantly.(3)In terms of index contribution rate,the contribution rate of farmers’ poverty indicators to multidimensional relative poverty is very different,while the contribution rate of different indicators to multidimensional poverty index is roughly the same under different critical values k;The contribution rate of relative income,daily balance,drinking water,cooking fuel,education burden,BMI index and employment security index is high.The relative poverty situation of farmers in China is relatively severe,which is the main source of multi-dimensional relative poverty of farmers;In terms of regions,compared with the eastern and central regions,the western region has the most serious relative poverty and the highest contribution rate.Second,the calculation results of the poverty vulnerability index show that:(1)in terms of time,the incidence of poverty vulnerability of farmers in China shows a downward trend as a whole,except for a small increase in 2016.By 2018,10.11% of farmers are still in the vulnerable state below the poverty line of $1.30;In terms of region,the west is the highest,the middle is the second,and the East is the lowest.(2)In terms of time dimension,under different standard lines,the average value of poverty vulnerability index shows a decreasing trend in recent years;From the regional dimension,the west is the highest,the middle is the second,and the East is the lowest.(3)From the perspective of per capita income and consumption,the targeted poverty alleviation policy has a good effect,but some proportion is still obtained by farmers with better family conditions,and this phenomenon is most obvious in the poverty vulnerability group.Third,the empirical results of the impact of targeted poverty alleviation policy on Farmers’ multidimensional relative poverty show that:(1)the policy increases farmers’ income and significantly alleviates their multidimensional relative poverty.The policy effect is obvious from the perspective of single absolute income and multidimensional relative poverty,and the policy has long-term effect.(2)In terms of farmers’ heterogeneity,the policy not only improves the Multidimensional Poverty Situation of poor households,but also reduces the gap between them and non poor households.There is less "elite capture" in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy;In terms of regional heterogeneity,the focus of the targeted poverty alleviation policy is in the central and western regions,and the impact effect on the central and western regions is more significant than that on the eastern region;In terms of the heterogeneity of each dimension,in addition to the relative poverty dimension,the targeted poverty alleviation policy can significantly alleviate the poverty situation in the dimensions of quality of life,education,health and employment.(3)With the help of the intermediary effect model,it is found that the targeted poverty alleviation policy can improve the multidimensional relative poverty situation of farmers by increasing their access to credit.(4)Other characteristic factors of farmers also have a significant impact on their multidimensional relative poverty.If someone in the family is engaged in agricultural production,they will face more natural risks and market risks,and are more likely to fall into relative multidimensional poverty;The more households save,the stronger their ability to cope with risks,and it is easier to get rid of multidimensional relative poverty.Fourth,the empirical results of the impact of targeted poverty alleviation policy on Farmers’ poverty vulnerability show that:(1)the policy can significantly reduce farmers’ poverty vulnerability,and the policy has long-term effects;There is a "U-shaped" relationship between policy subsidies and farmers’ poverty vulnerability.Before the inflection point,policy subsidies will significantly reduce farmers’ poverty vulnerability,while after the inflection point,policy subsidies will increase farmers’ poverty vulnerability.(2)As far as heterogeneity is concerned,the policy has improved the vulnerability of farmers in the central and western regions more than in the eastern regions;The effect of policy on the vulnerability of poor households is more obvious than that of non poor households;The implementation of the policy has a significant effect on the vulnerability of low average farmers,but has no significant effect on the vulnerability of high change farmers;The implementation of the policy has an obvious effect on the vulnerability of temporary poor farmers,but has no obvious effect on the vulnerability of chronic poor farmers.(3)Through the intermediary effect model,we find that the targeted poverty alleviation policy can improve and reduce the poverty vulnerability of farmers by increasing their human capital and social capital.(4)Other characteristic factors of farmers also have a significant impact on their poverty vulnerability.The older the head of household is,the higher the vulnerability to poverty is when the marital status of the head of household is unmarried;If someone in the peasant household is engaged in agricultural production,the less the savings of the peasant household,the higher the vulnerability to poverty.Compared with the existing research,the main innovations of this paper include:(1)based on the actual situation of our country,this paper scientifically constructs a multi-dimensional poverty index system,and introduces subjective psychological feeling indicators on the basis of objective indicators such as relative poverty,quality of life and education,so as to make the measurement results and policy effect evaluation conclusions more consistent with the reality.(2)In this study,multidimensional poverty,relative poverty and poverty vulnerability are included in the integrated analysis framework.When investigating the poverty alleviation effect of targeted poverty alleviation policy,the single absolute income dimension is extended to the multidimensional relative perspective.From the micro perspective,the impact of the policy on Farmers’ multidimensional relative poverty is comprehensively analyzed,which expands the scope of the research;In addition,in order to make up for the deficiency of simply investigating the short-term effect of the targeted poverty alleviation policy,the concept of vulnerability is introduced to investigate the long-term poverty reduction effect of the policy,which increases the depth of the research.(3)Using grouping regression,quantile did and other methods,this paper deeply investigated the preconditions and appropriate scope of targeted poverty alleviation in alleviating farmers’ poverty from different angles.Compared with the existing research,the policy recommendations are more consistent with the reality in terms of compatibility and integrity.