The Action Mechanism Of Farmers’ Adoption Of Green Prevention And Control Technologies And Welfare Effects

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,and China’s economy is showing new features and new trends of high-quality development.Agriculture,as the foundation of national economy,should also adapt to and follow this trend and move towards a high quality development stage.Agricultural greening is an effective way to promote the high-quality development of agriculture,is the key measure to promote the process of agricultural modernization,but also to keep the green water and green mountains,the construction of beautiful countryside.Tea is not only an important carrier to achieve the strategic goal of "clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains",but also the traditional characteristic agricultural industry and the economic pillar industry of tea areas in China.Many provinces regard tea industry as an important way to optimize the agricultural industrial structure,improve the level of rural economic development and increase farmers’ income.With people’s new expectations for a better life,higher requirements are put forward for tea quality.However,for a long time,the excessive use of chemical pesticides has gradually exposed the excessive pesticide residues,soil function degradation,ecological environment destruction,biodiversity reduction and other hidden dangers.As a typical pesticide substitution technology,green prevention and control technology is an effective way to ensure the quality and safety of tea,improve the core competitiveness of China’s tea market,and achieve sustainable development of tea industry.Farmers are the main body of the adoption of agricultural technology,agricultural scientific and technological achievements can only be accepted by farmers and applied in agricultural production practice,can be transformed into realistic productive forces.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the adoption of green prevention and control technology by rural households as the most basic production units,and to analyze the causes and consequences of the use of green prevention and control technology by rural households in a scientific way,both theoretically and practically.Specifically,based on the UTATU theory,coupled with the farmer behavior theory,risk perception theory and welfare theory,this study systematically analyzed the mechanism of farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technologies and the mechanism of their welfare effects by means of logical deduction.Furthermore,based on the survey data of 747 households of tea farmers in the main tea producing areas of Sichuan Province,this study empirically tested the mechanism and welfare effect of green prevention and control technology adopted by farmers.Finally,the following research conclusions are drawn:First,the individual characteristics of farmers have differences in the adoption of green prevention and control technologies.In this study,the differences of individual farmers in adopting green prevention and control technologies were investigated from different education levels and different planting areas.As can be seen from the results,the probability of adopting green prevention and control technology is 11.4% higher for farmers with higher education level than for farmers with lower education level.The reason is that farmers with higher education level have a deeper understanding of green prevention and control technology and a stronger ability to accept it.In addition,the probability of adopting green prevention and control technology was 6.7% higher for farmers with small planting area than for farmers with large planting area,which may be because the practice difficulty of green prevention and control technology was relatively less in small cultivated land.Second,tea growers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology was basically consistent with the prediction of UTAUT theory.Based on the composite perspective of UTAUT theory and risk perception theory,this study constructed an analytical framework for the mechanism of green prevention and control technology adoption behavior of tea growers,and combined with the survey data of 747 households of tea growers in the main tea producing areas of Sichuan Province,conducted an empirical test using structural equation model.The results showed that performance expectation,effort expectation and social influence all had a positive impact on the adoption willingness of green prevention and control technology of tea growers,and the standardized path coefficients of performance expectation > and effort expectation > were 0.344,0.305 and0.107,respectively.The adoption willingness and convenience had positive effects on the adoption behavior of green prevention and control technologies,but the convenience was more important than the behavioral willingness,and the standardized path coefficients were 0.674 and 0.130,respectively.In addition,considering that pests and diseases are the biggest risks faced by tea growers in the process of tea planting,this study integrated the perceived variables of pests and diseases risk into the theoretical analysis framework.The results showed that pest risk perception had a significant negative effect on behavioral intention.At the same time,through the mediating effect test,performance expectation has a mediating effect on pest risk perception and adoption willingness,while pest risk perception has a mediating effect on effort expectation and adoption willingness.Third,the adoption of green prevention and control technologies can produce significant economic,social and ecological benefits.Using the field survey data,this study adopts tended to score matching method and instrumental variable method,analyzed the tea farmers to adopt green technology of prevention and control of economic benefits(family agricultural income,family income,per capita net income of family and agricultural income,tea,tea net income,total average net income,gross average per mu tea tea per acre),ecological(pesticide consumption per acre),and the influence of the social benefits(hiring).The empirical results show that: First,the economic effect of green prevention and control technology adoption is significant.On average,than did not adopt green prevention and control technology of the farmers,to adopt green technology of prevention and control of agricultural income in the family,family income,family farmers per capita net income,agricultural net income,net income,the average per mu tea tea net income increased by 04700 yuan and 03200 yuan respectively,01100 yuan,03600 yuan,03500 yuan,01100 yuan,shows that green prevention and control technology for tea farmers income has a significant role.Second,after adopting green prevention and control technology,the average treatment effect of pesticide dosage per mu reached-47.05,that is,the use of green prevention and control technology reduced pesticide dosage from the source and significantly improved ecological benefits.Thirdly,after adopting green prevention and control technology,the average processing effect of the number of employees reached 1,that is,the number of employees was increased.In short,the adoption of green prevention and control technologies can promote employment to a certain extent and improve social benefits.Fourth,the adoption of green prevention and control technology can significantly improve the subjective welfare of tea growers.Based on the survey data of tea farmers in major tea producing areas of Sichuan Province,this paper systematically investigated the relationship between the adoption of green prevention and control technologies and the subjective well-being of tea farmers by using propensity score matching method and instrumental variable method.The results showed that the adoption of green control technology significantly improved the subjective well-being and perceived gain of tea growers.Specifically,if the adopters did not adopt green control technology,their subjective well-being and perceived gain would be reduced by 10.52% and 8.09%respectively.If the non-adopters adopted green prevention and control technology,their subjective well-being would increase from 2.45 to 2.79,and their sense of gain would increase from 2.36 to 2.62.Fifth,organization can strengthen the welfare effect brought by tea growers adopting green prevention and control technology.This study found that the degree of organization had a significant impact on the welfare effects of farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technologies.In terms of objective welfare,this paper evaluated the impact of joining tea cooperatives on the treatment effect of adopting green prevention and control technologies from three indicators,namely household agricultural income,net income of tea per mu and tea yield per mu.The results showed that the average treatment effect increased from 0.25,0.04 and-18.9 to 1.85,0.47 and 0.71,respectively.In terms of subjective well-being,prevention and control of green technology adoption will bring happiness and get sense effect due to the degree of organization is obvious heterogeneity,the average treatment effect of subjective well-being and the acquisition were increased from 0.257 and 0.231 to 0.758 and 0.480,namely with tea cooperatives can significantly strengthen prevention and control of green technology adoption bring happiness and get sense effect.The value and innovation of this study are mainly reflected in the following aspects:First,in this study,the perception of pests and diseases was integrated into UTAUT theory,so that the integrated model could more effectively explain the use behavior of green prevention and control technology of tea growers.This is because,theoretically UTAUT lay particular stress on analyzing the user’s attitude,more show the perceptual judgments,and plant diseases and insect pests of risk perception will enable farmers to adjust mental accounts,characterized by rational decisions,but these two kinds of factors,emotional attitude and rational judgment)are likely to affect the tea farmers to accept and use green,prevention and control technology.Therefore,this study integrated the two factors to study the prevention and control of tea farmers in green technology acceptance and use of behavior,constructs the tea farmers green technology adoption theory model of mechanism,prevention and control of improved the UTAUT theory model to explain ability,is good for our deep understanding of the process of technology acceptance and use of the mechanism,prevention and control of green further deepen and expand the green technology adoption behavior mechanism of prevention and control of research scope.Second,when exploring the mechanism of the acceptance and use of green prevention and control technologies,this study uses first-hand survey data to fit the structural equation model,which to a large extent overcomes the defects existing in the empirical analysis of existing studies,such as measurement bias.More importantly,on the basis of structural equation model estimation,this study uses Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method to identify the mediation mechanism of green prevention and control technology acceptance and use,which provides reliable empirical evidence to uncover the black box of green prevention and control technology use process.Third,previous studies often separate the pre-factors and consequences of farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technologies.And the prevention and control technology using this research not only explores the green behavior leading factors,but also the tendency to score matching model and instrumental variable regression model and econometric model to evaluate the green control technology brings to the consumer welfare effects and the heterogeneity,the further clarify the ins and outs of the prevention and control technology to adopt green,enrich the existing literature.In addition,the existing studies on the effect evaluation of green prevention and control technologies are relatively simple,and lack of a dual evaluation system for the subjective and objective welfare effects of green prevention and control technologies.Therefore,on the basis of investigating the action mechanism of tea farmers’ green prevention and control technology adoption behavior,this paper forms a complete analysis path of farmers’ technology adoption behavior and effect through a comprehensive evaluation of its subjective and objective welfare effects.