| The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century,which have accelerated the evolution of the international landscape and power and put higher demands on the national governance system.Innovation-driven development is an important link in the building of the national governance system.Stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises through innovation system reform is an important guarantee for China to become an innovative country in the new era.High-quality economic development guided by innovation not only meets the urgent needs of building a modern socialist country in the new era,but also is a strategic move to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.Under the new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution,China is facing the problem of transforming from a innovation giant into a world innovation power.Looking at a number of innovation policy experiments put forward by The Chinese government in recent years,it is not difficult to find that China attaches great importance to the important role of innovation in national economic development.However,it is difficult to evaluate the effect of innovation policy pilot in practice.As China’s economy is shifting from high-speed growth to high-quality growth,scientific and technological innovation has increasingly become the core factor in promoting high-quality economic development.Therefore,it is crucial for China to grasp the direction of national innovation policy experiment correctly and to evaluate innovation policy pilot with scientific methods.Based on the review of domestic and foreign research reviews and theoretical analysis,this paper analyzes the internal relationship between National Innovative Pilot City and enterprise innovation,and systematically studies the policy background,index evaluation,development trend,theoretical framework,mechanism of action and empirical strategy of innovative city.The research of this paper provides empirical data from the enterprise level for the implementation of the national innovative city and has a certain reference value for the innovation practice activities of the government and the enterprise sector.The specific research conclusions are as follows:(1)Analyze the development trend of national innovative cities through the construction of a comprehensive index evaluation system of national innovative city.From the perspective of time trend,during the sample period from 2006 to 2017,the average innovation ability of national innovative cities increased from 0.78 to 1.19,with an average annual growth of 3.91%,showing an obvious upward trend.From the perspective of regional differences,the innovation ability of national innovative cities shows the characteristics of "high in the east and low in the central and western regions",but this gap does not show a gradually expanding trend.According to the ratio of innovation ability of cities before and after the approval,the cities with the strongest innovation ability have not the fastest growth rate,but the cities in the middle and lower reaches a good level of economic development,which further indicates that for the central and western cities,becoming the national innovative city has a certain incentive effect.In terms of the ranking of innovation ability of cities,the innovation ability of super first-tier cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen and Guangzhou rank the first in the list of national innovative cities.The innovation ability of some central and western cities improves rapidly,but the weakening of comprehensive strength makes the innovation ability of cities appear a semi-solidified trend.From the perspective of comprehensive ability decomposition analysis,the comprehensive innovation ability of national innovative cities is basically consistent with the changing trend of the driving force of scientific and technological innovation.The supporting force of scientific and technological innovation is weaker than the innovation ability at first,and then gradually increases,becoming an important force to improve the innovation ability of cities.However,the sustainability of scientific and technological innovation is stronger than the innovation ability at first,and then gradually weakened,becoming an obstacle to the improvement of the innovation ability of various cities.(2)In terms of theoretical analysis,based on the relevant theoretical basis and literature,this paper systematically studies the theoretical framework and mechanism of the impact of national innovative city on enterprise innovation,and further constructs the heterogeneous monopoly competition model of enterprises,so as to investigate the mathematical relationship between the impact of national innovative city construction on enterprise innovation.By sorting out the contents of more than200 national and local national innovative cities and other policy documents,the policy effects of national innovative cities on enterprise innovation are summarized.In the empirical method,this paper uses the quasi-natural experiment of national innovative pilot city construction since 2008,takes the non-financial listed companies in A-share market from 2006 to 2017 as the research samples,and uses the multi-phase differential method to investigate the impact of national innovative pilot city on the innovation input and output of enterprises.The results show that the national innovative pilot city has a significant policy effect on the innovation input and output of enterprises,that is,the construction of national innovative city significantly increases the R&D input,the number of patents and the number of patent citations of enterprises,and the promotion effect does not have a time lag,but is persistent.Pilot policies provide enterprises with a series of supporting resources for innovation and development,such as preferential innovation policies,innovative talents,basic service facilities,institutional arrangements and innovative atmosphere,which greatly promote the innovation and development of enterprises.A series of robustness tests,such as PSM-DID method,instrumental variable method,placebo test,exclusivity test,instrumental variable,replacement of data samples,Heckman two-step method,replacement of core variable indicators,and change of estimation method,were used to verify the robustness and reliability of the baseline regression results in this paper.(3)The national innovation cities have a differentiated impact on the effect of enterprise innovation.In this paper,according to the enterprise life cycle,ownership,technical level,political relevance and regional difference,the sample is divided into different combination to analyze the heterogeneity,the result shows that there is significant heterogeneity in the degree of influence of national innovative pilot city construction on the innovation behavior of enterprises: Pilot cities construction have positive incentive effect on growth enterprise innovation in both quantity and quality effect,and have quality effect but no quantity effect on mature enterprises and obsolete enterprises;Pilot cities construction significantly promoted the increase of the number of invention patent applications in non-state-owned enterprises,but the quantitative effect of enterprise innovation did not work in state-owned enterprises.The pilot cities construction all promoted the innovation input and output of high-tech firms and non-high-tech firms,politically connected and non-politically connected firms,but the promotion effect of the pilot policies on high-tech enterprise and non-politically connected firms was slightly higher.Pilot cities construction have a positive role in promoting innovation effect of enterprises in the eastern region and the Midwest region,but the central and western regions showed a greater reliance on innovation policies,the incentive promotion effect is more apparent,which verified that the pilot cities construction reduce the innovation gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions,which have a better explanation and evaluation on the region innovation effect of pilot cities construction.(4)The national innovative pilot cities have an important impact on the effect of enterprise innovation through driving the market response mechanism and the local government response mechanism.Through mechanism analysis and research,it is concluded that national innovative pilot city construction released to the market strong innovation guidance signal,which stimulates a series of market behavior responses and drives the allocation of market innovation resources.It results in the agglomeration effect of innovative talents,the optimization effect of research and development platform,the expansion effect of financing channels and the supervision effect of information transmission,thus promoting the leap of enterprise innovation level.Further research finds that the construction of national innovative pilot city does not inhibit enterprise innovation by intensifying the intensity of market competition.It proves that the action path of intensifying competitive risk effect fails to work,which further supports the theoretical model of this paper.National innovative pilot city construction provides strategic guidance for local governments to explore and implement differentiated innovative development paths according to local conditions,and drives local governments to respond positively to the reputation of demonstration city.First,the pilot policies have sent a strong signal of innovation subsidies,driven local government fiscal policy response,formed a fiscal subsidy effect,reduced the cost and risk of enterprise innovation,and stimulated the innovation momentum of enterprises.Second,the adjustment of tax preferential policies by local governments is an effective way to actively respond to the construction of national innovative pilot city,which will help strengthen the incentive effect of innovative pilot city construction on enterprises’ substantive innovation output.Thirdly,an innovative city with higher efficiency of administrative examination and approval is conducive to optimizing the government affairs environment of urban innovation activities,shortening the time of enterprise patent application and authorization examination and approval,and thus stimulating enterprise innovation enthusiasm and motivation.Fourth,the stability of the local system and the reasonable timing of implementation will help the central pilot policies to play an exemplary role and become more effective,which guarantees the long-term promotion of enterprise innovation by the pilot policies. |
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