| Land is the material foundation and spatial carrier of human society.It is also an important part of regional ecosystem.With rapid development of economy,the high intensity use of land resources has caused several ecological risks,such as farmland reduction,habitat destruction,and environment pollution,which become the prominent contradiction of social and economic development.Protecting the land ecological environment is of great urgency.The focus of China’s land management practices has been shifting from the traditional management of land quantity control to a new mode of comprehensively managing the "quantity,quality and ecology" of land resources.At present,a relatively solid technical support system has been established for fine management of land quantity control in China.After many rounds of investigation,soil sampling and lab analysis,the relatively reliable land quality level database was established and developed about the land quality management.However,the land ecological management is relatively deficiency compared with the land quality and quantity management.It is urgent to explore how to further protect and optimize the regional land ecology on the foundation of land quantity and quality management in China.Due to urbanization and industrialization,the ecological risks have become apparent in the economical developed areas of eastern China,and the optimization construction of land ecology should be paid more attention in these areas.Revealing the coupling mechanism between land ecology and industrialization,urbanization,and regional development and identifying their spatial differences play an extremely important role in the optimization construction and planning of land ecology using a specific and differential way.This study focuses on southern Jiangsu province,which is the first demonstrating area of modernization construction in China.Firstly,a basic database about the land ecology was established based on various ecological indicators obtained by several ways(such as remote sensing,modelling techniques),and then the comprehensive land ecological conditions were evaluated based on three aspects(ecological basis.ecological pressure and ecological construction).We also analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of land ecological conditions using agglomeration analysis and urban-rural gradient analysis in the study area.Secondly,through establishing the comprehensive indicator system,we calculated the levels of industrialization,urbanization and regional development.Besides,the couplings between land ecology and the processes of industrialization and urbanization and its mechanism were analyzed using gray relational model and the typical correlation analysis model.The spatial difference of couplings in areas of different development and the urban-rural gradient of couplings were revealed.Lastly,the coupling status between land ecology and regional development was identified using catastrophe theory.Eight sub-regions were divided based on coupling status and the synergistic evaluation of industrialization and urbanization,and the differential optimization strategies modes of land ecology were proposed in the southern Jiangsu province.The main results are as follows:(1)The land ecological condition in eastern areas was higher than that in western areas.And it in suburban areas was higher than that in urban areas.The land ecological condition was assessed based on the ecological basis,ecological pressure and ecological construction.Difference in the spatial distribution of ecological basis,ecological pressure load and ecological construction were also identified in the study area.The average land ecological condition index was 0.45.The high indexes were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River(0.55),the Taihu Lake(0.53)and the hilly areas in the southwest of Jiangsu(0.52).And the low indexes were mainly distributed in the urban core areas(0.27).It showed an obvious urban-rural gradient in our study area(R=0.567,P<0.01).The land ecological condition gradually improved with the distance from the urban center.It in outer suburb areas(>55km)was better than that in the urban core areas(<15km).There were notable changes in land ecological condition:inner core area>outer core area>inner suburb area>outer suburb area.The land ecological basis condition index in the hilly areas(0.47)was higher than that in the flat area(0.44).There was a significant correlation between ecological pressure load index and the urban-rural gradient(R=0.836,P<0.01).The urban areas suffered large land ecological carrying capacity,which caused a low land ecological pressure load index(0.77).There were great differences in the spatial distribution of land ecological construction index(CV was 55%),and the ecological construction index in eastern areas(0.19)was higher than that in western areas(0.09).(2)In the study area,there were relatively high spatial coupling correlation between land ecology and regional development.The land ecological conditions decreased with the improvement of industrialization.It improved firstly,and then decreased with the improvement of urbanization.With the improvement of industrialization,the land ecological conditions obviously decreased(R=-0.97),the ecological basis condition(R=-0.86)and the ecological pressure load(R=-0.84)slightly decreased,and the ecological construction intensity slightly enhanced(R=0.94).The industrialization decreased the effect of ecological basis condition and enhanced the effect of ecological pressure load and ecological construction intensity.The coupling correlation between industrialization and ecological basis condition decreased from 0.65 to 0.57,where as coupling correlation between industrialization and ecological pressure load,ecological construction condition were increased from 0.52 to 0.68 and from 0.40 to 0.57,respectively.With the improvement of urbanization,the land ecological condition showed an inverted U shaped curve with firstly increased,and then decreased.The ecological basis condition had no obviously change(R2=0.20,P<0.5),the ecological pressure load index decreased(R2=0.94,P<0.05),and the ecological construction intensity index showed an inverted U shaped curve(R2=0.94,P<0.05).The urbanization decreased the effect of ecological basis condition and enhanced the effect of ecological construction intensity.And it firstly decreased,and then enhanced the effect of ecological pressure load.The coupling correlation between urbanization and ecological basis condition decreased from 0.68 to 0.55,where as coupling correlation between urbanization and ecological construction condition were increased from 0.36 to 0.74.The coupling correlation between urbanization and ecological pressure load index showed a U shaped curve.(3)The primary positive coupling and mild negative coupling were the main coupling status between land ecology and regional development in the study area.The conflict between land ecology and regional development started to appear.It should pay more attention to the optimization construction and management of land ecology.Through identifying the coupling status between land ecology and regional development,the 48.51%of the total study area was in a state of primary positive coupling,where the contradictions between land ecology and regional development had not yet emerged,but relatively high ecological threats exist in this state.The 5.99%of the total study area was in a state of advanced positive coupling.Land ecology and regional development had good coordination in this state.The 43.97%of the total study area was in a state of mild negative coupling,and the regional development negatively affected the land ecology.The 1.53%of the total study area was in a state of severe negative coupling,and the regional development had a severe negative effect on land ecology.At present,nearly half of the study area disctributed in the urban and suburbs,was in a state of negative coupling,which indicated that the regional development seriously affected the land ecology.More attention should be paid to the optimization construction and management of land ecology.(4)Eight comprehensive policy zones were divided in the study area based on the results of coupling states and coordination evaluation of urbanization and industrialization.The corresponding strategies were also identified based on the policy zone’s characteristics.The study area were divided into the following 8 comprehensive policy zones:primary positive coupling zone driven by industrialization,advanced positive coupling zone driven by industrialization,advanced positive coupling zone driven by urbanization,advanced positive coupling zone driven by urbanization and industrialization,mild negative coupling zone driven by industrialization,mild negative coupling zone driven by urbanization,severe negative coupling zone driven by urbanization and severe negative coupling zone driven by industrialization.The primary positive coupling zone and mild negative coupling zone driven by industrialization accounted majority of the study area(respectively were 48.51%and 40.35%).In the four development strategies("construction while protection","construction after protection","protection after construction",and "construction priority"),"construction while protection" mode was the optimal route to achieve the positive coupling between land ecology and regional development and promote the regional sustainable development.Based on each policy zone’s characteristics of coupling state between land ecology and regional development,the corresponding optimization strategies were lastly provided. |
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