China’s Urban Grassroots Society’s Organizational Reconstruction And Its Practice

With the deepening of reform and the transformation of social governance,the key mechanisms of China’s grassroots social governance have shifted from "unit system" to "community system",and communities have increasingly become the unit and key link of national governance.Community is the most important end of realizing the sinking focus of national governance and opening up grassroots governance,and also the carrier of cultivating a community governance community with "the party committee leadership,the government responsibility,the society coordination,the public participation and the rule of law guarantee".Starting from the 18 th National Congress of the CPC,China’s urban and rural community construction has entered the fast lane,our country has made the strategic deployment of comprehensively deepen reform,and the question that how to improve China’s socialist system and realize the modernization of grassroots social governance system and governance capacity through community construction is a very realistic problem at present.Through the organizational reconstruction of the community,it is possible to effectively stimulate the vitality of social organization,and to cultivate a community of community governance,to change the way of community service,and to wind the level of community governance.The study of community’s organizational reconstruction and its practice has important theoretical value and practical significance.This study took the X community in C city,Hunan Province as a individual case,and adopted the qualitative research method,based on the function,structure and organizational network of China’s urban grassroots community’s organizational reconstruction and its practice.As a functional system to meet the community needs,it emphasizes the multiple governance subjects,including the community Party organization,community neighborhood committee,community resident organizations and social organizations,as the action individuals with "self-consciousness" and "self-existence".As a structural system where the goal is achieved,it emphasizes the reconstruction of building the organizational field and structural space of the grassroots community with the cooperation of multiple governance subjects.As an organizational action network,it emphasizes the construction of multiple governance subjects organizational action network under the control of power,expectation and demand in the field.The theme of this study is the mechanism and practical logic of the effective organization and organization field reconstruction of urban grassroots society in China in the new era.It is found that:Firstly,the reconstruction and practice of China’s urban grassroots social organization is the reconstruction that the community party organization leads to build a political community through the party organization constructing.As an administrative discourse and political reconstruction through the bureaucratic logic,the community neighborhood committee promotes the diversification and organization of community governance subjects.At the beginning of its implementation,China’s community system carries the expectation of reducing government intervention,developing community services,enhancing residents’ sense of community identity,and cultivating the power of community autonomy.However,in practice,the community autonomy encounters different kinds of practical difficulties sometimes,and the top-down administrative mode continues to play a role in the field of grassroots governance,which makes the community "administrative" quality higher than the "autonomy" quality,and the community may be highly "administrated" or "semi-administrated".This research found that on one hand,Community Party organizations build a "service-oriented political party" and a "functional party group" around the "Community Party group responsibility system",through the "organization embedding" vertically extending the "general party branch-Party branch-Party group-Party members" control chain,and meanwhile through the "political absorption" horizontally expanding the "party group(head of community social organizations)-community social organizations-community residents" horizontal collaborative network,using the self-interest symbol space configuration rules to train the consistent value identification of the community residents to the community party organization,and to achieve the party organization network downward and external two-way development until the "full coverage",thus to effectively integrate the multiple governance subjects in the community,and to building a self-centered "grid" community governance structure,and finally to realize the reconstruction of its own leading political community.On the other hand,in the practice reconstruction of the project system that the national governance subjects within the community purchase services from social organizations,it integrates the "two-way empowerment",double-layer power embedding and attachment cooperation with the attachment cooperation of social organizations through the power of the state to the social organization,or through the rhetorical transformation,hierarchical mobilization,neighborhood politics and other means in the reconstruction of grassroots community organization,and through the emphasis on the service attribute of public space,the subject of national governance and the subject of social governance have constructed the symbiotic cooperative relationship led by the bureaucratic system in the reconstruction of community governance,building the community into a political community and realizing the political construction of the community community.Secondly,China’s urban grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction and its practice is a reconstruction that community organization rebuilding the life community through hierarchical and organized mobilization.Research found that in the reconstruction of two-way interaction between residents’ committees,community party and community elite(community members),on the one hand,community residents’ committees,community party encourage the development of social forces in the community,through the self-organized development in categorical governance,the endogenous mobilization in the elite absorption,the expression of interests in the emotional operation and the collaborative proliferation in authoritative operation,realizing the organizational grassroots society.It has also incorporated it into its own work system through a series of measures and means,using social forces to promote the development of various community affairs,at the same time,the street party and government departments also through the "guidance" of community organizations to achieve "absorption",by formulating the corresponding rules and regulations,planing and guiding the activities of the community organizations,guiding and regulating various behaviors of community organizations.On the other hand,the community elites in community organizations actively participate in national governance out of the demand for political legitimacy resources,and use their own development achievements to negotiate with the party and government departments to complete the resource exchange between them.Through this "two-way interaction",it can be found that state power and social power are more of a form of cooperative relationship,behind which hidden is the exchanging and borrowing of both resources.Their respective resources are unique and are also indispensable for any party to achieve their goals.In fact,to analyze it from the operation reconstruction of the community organization,the survival of any organization is inseparable from the input of various organized resources.For community organizations,the legitimate organizational resources create the necessary social space for community governance and social development,and the material resources(such as funds)provide a guarantee for the normal operation of the organization,and the cultural resources ensure the normal development of organizational activities.Community activities are a kind of group or organized public activities,and the legitimacy granted by these three subjects(government departments,members of organizations,and other associations)is the basis of its public activities.In order to obtain the resources on which the organization’s operation and development depend,the community organizations often exchange the resources with other organizations,especially the community neighborhood committees,the Community Party General Branch and other administrative institutions.Finally,China’s urban grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction and its practice is a reconstruction of cultivating a community governance community through the functional operation of social organizations.It is found that the grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction is realized through the mechanism of organizational mobilization,organizational absorption and professional establishment.The play of social organizations’ function promotes the establishment of the governance network of organizational division of labor and organizational cooperation.The function limitations and lack of management of the existing community organizations hinder the governance reconstruction of community organization,and it is difficult to effectively make up for the market failure and government failure,resulting in the failure of the community integration mechanism.Facing the diversification and complexity of public affairs presented by social development under the new situation,it is necessary to change the traditional single governance structure of the "state power center".In the grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction,the key of community construction is to cultivate the social capital within the community,that is to say,through the cooperation of multiple governance subjects,give full play to social forces to cultivate residents’ sense of dependence,trust and belonging to the community,and establish a community life community in which the Party committee responsibility,government leadership and multi-party participation.In the reconstruction of transformation from the "acquaintance society" and "unit system" to the debris "community system",on the one hand,the community at the junction of the country and the society faces the task constraints of the top-down pressure system under the administrative leadership,and on the other hand,it also faces the pressure of alienation from the community residents who belong in their work unit.In the realistic situation of the grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction,only by taking the community as the carrier to integrate the resources from all aspects of life,and solve the real problems that the residents need to solve in real life,can we truly and effectively construct the residents’ deep recognition of the community.The multiple governance subjects based on the community’s organize cooperative mobilization and administrative absorption shows the functional strategies that can be played out in the grassroots society’s organizational mechanism.Therefore,it is appropriate to reduce the higher-level intervention of the community,appropriately delegate some power to the community,fully mobilize the grassroots social subject force,so that the grassroots community can become the real representative of its residents.Generally speaking,this study discusses the mechanism,the motivation and the results of China’s urban grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction and its practice,and believe that the grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction and its practice is the cooperation reconstruction of multiple governance subjects,such as national forces,social forces,and individual residents(community elites),through the cooperative and organizational practice of organizational goals,and to organize the atomized,fragmented communities.We should organize and integrate the scattered and flowing social resources elements,and all social forces,including community organizations and social organizations,will be incorporated into the national governance system,so as to restructure community-level governance and make it more effective.Multiple governance subjects change from conflict to cooperation in resource allocation and space production,and in the the grassroots society’s organizational reconstruction it will become an organized community of collaborative cooperation and mutual power enhancement,and to establish a multi-agent cooperative mechanism of grass-roots social organization,to create a new situation with strong national governance capacity and dynamic society,so as to promote the effective governance of Chinese grassroots society in the practice of community field in the new era.