Research On The Employment Effect Of Digital Technology Development

The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: “We must adhere to ensuring and improving people’s livelihood in the process of development,encourage common efforts to create a better life,and constantly realize the people’s aspiration for a better life.” Employment as the largest livelihood project,At this stage,stable employment and guaranteed employment will be ranked first in the “stability on six key fronts” and “security in six key areas”.The quality of employment is directly related to social and economic stability and the well-being of the people.The term “employment” has become a frequent term in the work reports of the State Council in recent years.However,the average age of the working population in China has been increasing,and the real estate industry,small and medium-sized enterprises,catering,tourism,and other service industries have stagnated under the impact of the domestic and international environment and the epidemic.As well as in 2022,the number of college graduates in China is expected to over 10 million,forming greater employment pressure;At the same time,the labor capital structure of the employed population in China is characterized by the significant proportion of low and middle level labor force,and the unreasonable allocation of labor capital,which has increasingly become an obstacle to high-quality development.However,the work report of the State Council government in 2022 mentioned: “All local governments should do everything possible to stabilize employment and expand employment.” Whereas the stable employment and expanded employment mainly depend on economic development.General Secretary Xi Jinping mentioned “To solve the employment problem,development is fundamental.Only with certain growth can support employment.We should expand the area of economic improvement to make a progress in employment.” How to achieve higher quality and full employment? Developing digital economy is one of the important paths.Among them,the role of AI,cloud computing,5G and other digital technologies in promoting employment in the digital economy is undeniable.The rapid development of digital economy supported by artificial intelligence,big data,5G and other digital technologies has had a significant impact on the labor market and far-reaching impact on labor employment demand,employment structure and employment quality.In this context,it is of great significance to study the impact of digital technology development on labor employment.Based on the above analysis,this paper will study on this issue.Based on the above reasons,this paper defines the meaning of digital technology and labor employment effect.On the basis of the theory of social division of labor,technological change,industrial structure and feasible ability,the labor employment demand,employment structure and employment quality are included in the same analytical framework.Clarify the role mechanism of labor employment demand,employment structure and employment quality of digital technology development.Combined with the characteristics of digital technology in the form of Internet and big data in this paper:on the one hand,digital technology development can effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of factors and the restriction of production and business space activities by using technological progress and platform media to act on production,trading channels,consumption and other links;On the other hand,the development of digital technology takes data as the main production factor,and has the characteristics of cross spatial information dissemination and real-time sharing.It also analyzes the role mechanism of labor employment demand,employment structure and employment quality of digital technology development from three paths:cultivating new momentum of demand,adjusting industrial structure and optimizing resource allocation.Finally,macro data is used to confirm the mechanism of digital technology development and labor employment demand,employment structure and employment quality.It adds the theoretical and practical significance of this paper.The research finds that:(1)The development of digital technology takes data as the key production factor,and through increasing marginal returns of data,data synergy,data value and its value realization,the production capacity,production scale and production efficiency of digital technology can be rapidly improved.Innovation drives the development of digital technology and accelerates the formation of digital industrialization,which will help promote the digital development of industry,realize the digital transformation of traditional industries,and change the trading mode,scale and cost of digital technology market;The digital technology enables the endogenous growth of the economy,which changes the consumption mode,thinking and demand of consumers and improves the demand efficiency of digital technology.It can be seen that the development of digital technology has a basic mechanism to promote the employment of China’s labor force by promoting industrial development.(2)From the empirical results of digital technology development on labor employment demand,we can know that digital technology development can effectively improve labor employment demand,forming a complementary alternative.The employment substitution effect is mainly manifested in the employment substitution of labor force in the primary industry,and the employment compensation effect of labor force in the secondary and tertiary industries.Through the empirical test of the impact mechanism,it is found that the main reason for the formation of this complementary substitution is that,although the development of digital technology can directly replace labor,the application of digital technology at the production end can improve labor productivity,reduce product prices,and increase market demand,thereby promoting capital accumulation and output increase,thus increasing labor employment demand.On the demand side,digital technology has expanded market demand and driven the expansion of labor employment.Under the influence of digital technology and digital platform,the development of digital technology can effectively form economies of scale and scope,cultivate new drivers of demand,expand market demand,and generate new industries and new formats,thus increasing the demand for labor.(3)From the empirical results of the development of digital technology on the employment structure of labor force,we can know that the development of digital technology promotes the employment structure to become service-oriented and highly skilled.That is,at the skill level,the development of digital technology can promote the employment of high skilled workers,but inhibit the employment of medium and low skilled workers.At the industrial level,digital technology has significantly increased the proportion of employment in the tertiary industry,driven the labor force to the tertiary industry,and made the optimization of employment structure more service-oriented.The further mechanism test results show that the upgrading of industrial structure can enhance the effect of labor employment structure on digital technology development,indicating that the upgrading of industrial structure can effectively accelerate the transformation of employment structure in the process of digital industrialization and industry digitalization under the circumstances of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy and the continuous change of factor combination.The results of spatial measurement also show that the development of digital technology promotes the employment structure of labor force to be highly skilled and service-oriented,and reduces the employment proportion of medium and low skilled labor force.At the same time,the spatial spillover effect of digital technology development on labor employment structure is mainly manifested in the promotion effect on the employment proportion of medium skilled labor and low skilled labor and the inhibition effect on the employment proportion of high skilled labor.(4)The development of digital technology can significantly improve the remuneration of workers,improve the employment environment,improve employment opportunities,and promote the quality of employment.The multi-dimensional test found that the development of digital technology can effectively improve the employment environment,employment status,and employment remuneration,and has a positive but not significant impact on the employability of labor force.Because of the new form of employment,the working time and place of workers are more flexible,but labor protection is weakened,and labor employment is not fully guaranteed.Finally,through the mechanism test,we can see that the development of digital technology accelerates the transfer of labor among different industries,which makes the labor resources be reasonably allocated,which is conducive to the optimization of employment structure,while the development of digital technology further improves the quality of employment through the optimization of employment structure.According to the above conclusions and relevant research,the policy recommendations of this paper are as follows: First,we should strengthen the optimization of digital technology development on labor employment from the supply and demand of labor market.As the factor demander,the stability of enterprise operation directly affects the quality of employment.Therefore,the restrictions on enterprise tax policies,financing channels,examination and approval should be appropriately relaxed.Encourage enterprises to increase digital investment,promote the gradual integration and development of digital technology and various industries of the real economy,so that the market scale continues to expand,and expand labor employment channels.At the same time,we will strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure,vigorously promote the development of digital technology industry,and expand new space for the growth of employment demand.Therefore,we should firmly grasp the development opportunity of the times and vigorously develop industrial intelligent manufacturing,electronic intelligent equipment and other digital products;Accelerate the development of information and communication related software and hardware industries;We will vigorously develop digital technology platforms and Internet platforms.It is conducive to the positive effect of digital technology on the scale of labor employment;Second,strengthen the training of digital talents and improve the skill level of labor force;Third,explore flexible employment norms and accelerate the construction of social security and system.