Research On The Impact Of Laborers’ Health Capital Investment On Their Employment Quality

In recent years,our government has issued a series of employment policies.In the government work report,the employment priority policy is placed in the macro policy level of economic and social development,which has played an overall role in promoting and stabilizing employment.The level of laborers’ employment quality is not only affected by the macroeconomic environment and employment policies,but also their daily activities and choices.It is particularly important to explore its impact on employment quality from the micro level of laborers.The human capital factors have significant influence on employment quality.At present,the domestic research on human capital and laborers’ employment quality mainly focuses on educational human capital,the attention on health capital is far from enough.This paper attempts to explore its impact on employment quality from the perspective of laborer’ health capital investment,which is exploratory.Based on China’s current national conditions,drawing on and referring to the existing research ideas and methods on laborers’ employment quality at home and abroad,this paper attempts to explore the impact of laborers’ health capital investment on their employment quality from the perspective of health capital investment.The focus of this paper is to analyze whether laborers’ health capital investment has an impact on their employment quality? And what is the impact mechanism? In order to explain this problem,this paper will next elaborate the theoretical explanation and impact mechanism of laborers’ health capital investment on their employment quality,and analyze how to improve the employment quality through health capital investment according to the research results,it is expected to provide new ideas and directions for comprehensively improving the overall employment quality level of laborers.Firstly,health capital investment is an extension based on human capital theory.This paper analyzes the health needs of laborers according to health demand theory,health production function theory and health effect function theory.Secondly,this paper puts forward the dimensions and indicators of the measurement of laborers’ employment quality by reviewing the research on the measurement of employment quality at home and abroad,and constructs the index evaluation system on this basis.Next,this paper constructs the theoretical analysis framework according to the theoretical model of laborer’ health demand and the theoretical analysis of the impact of health capital investment on laborer’ employment quality,and analyzes the paths that affect employment quality from the three dimensions of laborer’medical service investment,nutrition and health care investment and leisure and exercise investment in health capital investment;Finally,in the empirical part,there makes empirically regressed on the impact of health capital investment on employment quality from the three dimensions.The benchmark regression results are obtained by using the individual matching data of "China labor force dynamic survey(CLDs)" in 2014 and 2016 and the mixed effect regression model,The instrumental variable method overcomes the two-way causality problem of the relationship between laborer’ health capital investment and employment quality,the propensity value matching method overcomes the problem of sample self-selection,and uses quantile regression and sub sample regression to test the robustness,and then discusses its impact on employment quality and its impact mechanism from the three dimensions of health capital investment.The empirical study had found that laborer’ health capital investment has a significant positive impact on their employment quality.Through theoretical analysis and empirical test,it comprehensively reveals the role and degree of laborer’ health capital investment on employment quality.The main conclusions are as follows:First,investment in laborer’ medical services is conducive to improving the quality of their own employment.The purchase of various medical insurance can effectively improve the health status of laborer,increase laborer’ income,and then improve the level of laborer’employment quality.At the same time,there are some differences in the role of different medical service investment on laborer’ employment quality.The investment in laborer’medical services has a significant positive impact on their employment quality.In the benchmark regression,when the variables that may affect the employment quality are controlled,the purchase of urban laborer’ basic medical insurance,urban residents’ basic medical insurance,enterprise supplementary medical insurance and commercial medical insurance has a significant positive impact on laborer’ employment quality,Among them,the purchase of basic medical insurance for urban employees has the greatest impact on the employment quality of laborer,followed by enterprise supplementary medical insurance.Quantile regression results show that laborer’ medical service investment has a significant positive impact on the employment quality of each quantile.Increasing laborer’ medical service investment will help to improve laborer’ employment quality.There are marital status and regional differences in the impact of laborer’ medical service investment on employment quality.Whether laborers are married or not,their investment in medical insurance can effectively improve the quality of employment,while the marginal effect of unmarried laborer buying basic medical insurance for urban laborer on the quality of employment is significantly higher than that of married laborer.The marginal rate of return of laborer’medical service investment on employment quality in the eastern region is the highest,and the marginal rate of return of laborer’ medical service investment on employment quality in the western region is the lowest.Supplementary medical insurance investment has a certain regulatory effect on basic medical insurance investment.Second,the investment in laborer’ nutrition and health care is conducive to improving their employment quality.Improving the nutritional level of laborer can significantly improve the health level,and then to improve the level of employment quality.Maintaining good and healthy living habits can also effectively improve the level of employment quality of laborer.Laborer’ nutrition and health care investment has a significant impact on the quality of employment.Healthy nutrition investment can effectively improve the quality of employment,while the choice of negative lifestyle will significantly reduce the level of employment quality.Laborer with poor health can effectively improve their employment quality through investment in nutrition and health care;There are health status and regional differences in the impact of laborer’ nutrition and health care investment on employment quality.On the one hand,laborer with poor health status have more obvious vulnerability.The impact of laborer’investment in nutritional health level on employment quality depends more on their own health status.When their health status is great,their employment quality is also significantly higher than that of other groups.On the other hand,in the eastern region,laborers’ negative living habits have a significant negative effect on their employment quality,but the effect is not significant in the western and central regions.Third,laborer’ leisure exercise investment can effectively improve their employment quality.Increasing the time of leisure exercise can effectively improve the health status of laborer,and then improve their employment quality.Regular physical exercise is also an important way to improve the employment quality of laborer.Laborer’ leisure exercise investment has a significant positive impact on employment quality.Regular exercise can significantly improve the level of employment quality.The employment quality of laborer with regular exercise is higher than that without regular exercise.The investment in physical exercise has a significant positive impact on their employment quality.The average weekly exercise frequency of laborer has a significant positive relationship with the quality of employment.The increase of physical exercise investment can effectively improve the quality of employment.With the improvement of laborer’ employment quality,regular exercise will continue to improve the effect of improving employment quality.The impact of laborer’leisure exercise investment on their employment quality has age and regional differences.On the one hand,with the growth of laborer’ age,their own health capital stock continues to decline.Middle-aged laborer mainly maintain regular exercise habits,and the effect of physical exercise frequency on the improvement of employment quality is not obvious.On the other hand,in the eastern and central regions,laborer’ investment in leisure and exercise has a more significant impact on their employment quality,and has a positive impact,this indicating that there are differences in laborer’ awareness of investment in leisure and exercise in different regions,resulting in different impact effects.Based on the above research conclusions,in order to improve the employment quality of laborer in China,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions from the perspective of laborer’ health capital investment.First,improve the security system of laborer’medical service investment.Popularize medical insurance service policies,increase the coverage rate of laborer’ social security and medical;Encourage the independent purchase of supplementary medical insurance services and improve the level of laborer’ own medical security.Second,strengthen the publicity of laborer’ nutrition and health care investment.Publicize the common sense of nutritional health level and improve the nutritional health level of laborer;Advocate a positive and healthy lifestyle and cultivate laborer’ healthy living habits.Third,increase policy support for laborer’ leisure and exercise investment.Advocate reasonable work and rest,and improve the mental health of laborer;Encourage regular physical fitness exercises to improve the physical health of laborer.Fourth,improve the system construction of laborer’ health capital investment.Accelerate the construction of social medical security system platform for laborer;Issue guidance documents on cultivating a healthy lifestyle;Increase investment in public physical exercise facilities.The main innovations of this study are as follows.First,it is innovative to explore the impact of health capital investment on its employment quality from the perspective of health human capital.In recent years,scholars have carried out a lot of discussions on issues related to employment quality from the two aspects of human capital and social capital.A large number of empirical research results show that the impact of human capital factors on laborer’employment quality is more significant than other factors,and the impact of human capital investment on laborer’ employment quality also plays a considerable role.However,Domestic research on human capital and employment quality mainly focuses on the two dimensions of human capital stock and educational human capital.Few studies discuss the issue of employment quality from the perspective of health capital investment.Therefore,this paper explores the impact of laborer’ health capital investment on their employment quality from the perspective of health capital investment is innovative.Second,it enriches the research content and dimensions of health capital investment.Explore the new dimension of "nutrition and health care investment" at the individual level of laborer,and introduce the dimension of laborer’ nutrition and health care investment.In the existing research,health capital investment is mainly carried out from the two dimensions of public and individual "medical services" and "physical exercise".Based on the existing research results,combined with the main concept definition of health capital investment and the relevant theories of health capital investment,this paper divides the dimensions of laborer’ health capital investment into three aspects,namely medical service investment,nutrition and health care investment and leisure exercise investment.Third,it enriches and expands the measurement and evaluation dimensions of employment quality.Adopted the multi-dimensional and multi-index evaluation method,which is incorporated into the analysis of micro individuals of laborer,and the factor analysis method is used to construct the index system of laborer’ employment quality.The existing measurement of employment quality is a process from single dimension to multi-dimensional.In terms of the dimension of employment quality,the existing research mostly selects relevant variables to measure according to the research content,and lacks the system construction of working income,working time,job security,working environment,job satisfaction and other dimension indicators from the micro individual level of laborer.