Research On Engels’ Thoughts Of Proletarian Parties Political Construction In His Later Years

The political construction of the Party is the fundamental construction of the Party and determines the direction and effect of Party construction.After the death of Marx,Engels alone assumed the important task of guiding the political construction of proletarian parties and their international organisations in Europe and America.After the transition of capitalism from free competition to monopoly,Engels stressed the importance of strengthening the study of Marxist political theory while applying Marxism to formulate the party programme,maintaining the authority of the party while playing the historical role of the leading figures,adhering to the principles and innovating the methods of political struggle,and adhering to the iron-clad discipline while making adjustments in due course,etc.Engels provided a solution to the problem of "how to unify thought and action" for the European and American proletarian political parties.The political orientation of the proletarian parties in Europe and the United States is a guide to the solution of the problem of "how to unify thought and action".On the basis of an objective evaluation of the research of scholars at home and abroad on Engels’ thoughts on the political construction of proletarian parties in his later years,this paper,in accordance with the structure of the logic of history,the logic of content,and the logic of value,and relying on the relevant writings and letters of Marx and Engels,as well as the relevant literature on the CPC’s enhancement of its political construction,focuses on the path construction and the contemporary meaning of the enhancement of political construction of the proletarian parties in the later years of Engels,and mainly elaborates the following several The main issues are as follows:Firstly,it explains how Engels in his later years solved the problem of unswerving faith in the political construction of proletarian parties and their international organisations in Europe and America.In his later years,Engels demanded that the party cadres of the proletarian parties raise their theoretical level from the study of the original works of Marxism;in adhering to the founding principles of the Communist Manifesto and in formulating and implementing a political programme that adheres to the founding principles of Marxism,he criticised the right-leaning opportunistic errors of some of the leaders of the German Socialist Democratic Party(GSD)and defended the basic norms of the political programme of the proletarian parties;and in determining that the peasants are the By determining that the peasantry is an indispensable ally in the development of the proletarian parties,by clarifying the attitude towards small,medium and large peasants,and by striving for the broad masses of workers for the sake of socialism,it has guided the proletarian parties of Europe and the United States to launch the "mass movement of the workers" through the "paths suited to the particular circumstances" of their countries,and has stabilised the workers’ movement.He guided the proletarian parties in Europe and America to launch "mass movements of workers" through "paths suited to the particular conditions" of their countries,and stabilised the political position of the workers and peasants.Secondly,it explains why Engels,in his later years,having learnt the lesson of the Paris Commune’s too-rapid defeat due to its lack of authority,demanded that the proletarian parties should insist on the political leadership of the party in safeguarding the authority of the party.Starting from the maintenance of the authority of the party leader,the authority of the party’s general committee and the authority of the party,Engels solved the problem of whether and how the proletarian party should adhere to the party’s political leadership;accurately judged the timing of the creation of the New International,and through the political struggle with the Congress of the Possibilitarians,he strengthened the power of the Congress of the Marxists,and ultimately pushed for a merger of the two congresses;through the political propaganda,he inspired the proletarian masses,guided the theory and practice of the proletarian parties in Europe and America in the light of the actual situation,and prompted the proletarian parties to adhere to the political leadership of the Party.Thirdly,it elaborates on Engels’ demand in his later years for the proletarian parties to enhance the spirit of struggle and how to solve the problem of the lack of political competence of party cadres.In his later years,Engels raised the political level of party cadres in the struggle against such erroneous trends as opportunism and anarchism;he asked the party caucus to put an end to extremely rash decisions made to please the voters and to satisfy their own desire to make a name for themselves and to control all kinds of over-aggressive actions,thus comprehensively raising the party caucus’ s ability to grasp the political direction and to cope with political risks;and,in order to put an end to the unrealistic decisions made by the leaders of the proletarian political parties.The political ability of party cadres was improved by requiring them to refine their tough character from various struggle environments and to draw lessons from the learning of their own mistakes and painful experiences.Fourthly,it elaborates on Engels’ demand in his later years that proletarian political parties should practise ironclad political discipline,and how to remove the "stumbling blocks" to the development and growth of the party.Engels believed that strict observance of party political discipline was a guarantee of the victory of the workers’ movement and of the party’s electoral victory,and that when the proletarian party grew,the strict sectarian discipline of the party was no longer suitable for the party’s development needs;that it was necessary to develop a positive and healthy political culture in the party by getting rid of petty-bourgeois banality,by insisting on the principle of intra-party criticism of the freedom of expression of opinion,and by opposing the entanglement of internal squabbling in order to safeguard party unity;that it was necessary to develop a positive and healthy party culture by defending the socialist flag;and that it was necessary to develop a positive and healthy political culture by defending the socialist flag.culture;to shape the political image of the proletarian party from defending the honour of the socialist flag,safeguarding the party’s reputation and winning the trust of the working masses.Fifth,after elaborating the historical status of Engels’ ideas on the political construction of proletarian parties in his later years,he further elaborates what kind of inspiration his ideas have for strengthening the political construction of the CPC in the new era.Engels’ thought on the political construction of proletarian parties in his later years criticised various erroneous trends of thought within the party and pointed out the political direction for the development of proletarian parties in Europe and the United States.Therefore,to strengthen the political construction of the CPC in the new era,it must firmly believe in Marxism,adhere to the guiding position of Marxism,arm its mind with the Party’s scientific theories,and adhere to the people-centred political stance;it must be distinctly political,do the "two safeguards",embrace the "two establishments",resolutely safeguard the CPC Central Committee,and resolutely uphold the "two principles" of the CPC Central Committee.We must be clear about politics,do the "two safeguards",support the "two establishments",and resolutely safeguard the authority and centralised leadership of the Party Central Committee;we must improve the political skills of Party members and cadres,and enhance the spirit of struggle;we must strictly enforce the Party’s political discipline and rules,and develop a positive and healthy political culture within the Party.Engels’ thought on the political construction of proletarian parties in his later years solved many problems faced in the political construction of proletarian parties and their international organisations in Europe and the United States in the late 19 th century,pointed out the direction of the political construction of proletarian parties,defended the Marxist nature of proletarian political parties,profoundly revealed the basic laws of the political construction of proletarian parties,enriched and developed the Marxist thought on party construction,and provided a basis for the new era of the It provides a theoretical basis and a guide to action for the CPC to strengthen its political beliefs,adhere to the party’s political leadership,improve its political capacity and purify its political ecology in the new era.