The Discourse Research On The Right To Subsistence And Development

A white paper is an official document of a government to declare its views and positions on a certain issue and social development in this country.A white paper on human rights is an official document of a government to declare its views and positions on issues of human rights and the development of its cause of human rights in this country.The views and positions of the white paper on human rights are expressed through discourse of human rights.Therefore,it is an excellent way to see through the changes of China’s discourse of human rights through the white paper on human rights.On November 1st,1991,the Chinese government published the White Paper Human Rights in China,which is not only the first white paper on human rights but also the first white paper in China.Through the analysis of the white papers on human rights for more than30 years,it is found that the first white paper put forward the concept of the right to subsistence and emphasized that the right to subsistence is the basic human right of the Chinese people and the reason why Chinese people first stressed the right to subsistence on issues of human rights.At the same time,the white paper also mentioned the concept of the right to development,but did not explain it.Over the past three decades,the cause of human rights in China has made great progress.From a general perspective,it has made remarkable achievements,from the concepts of the right to subsistence and development to discourse of human rights of food and clothing,well-off,overall well-off and all-round well-off.With the continuous progress and development of cause of human rights,new discourse of human rights continues to emerge,and are constantly enriched and improved with the development of society.However,China always insists on taking that “the right to subsistence and development is the primary basic human right” as the basic discourse of human rights,which has led the practice of human rights in China.At the same time,the practice of human rights has sublimated new concepts and discourse of human rights that are more theoretical and ideological.In the new era,the right to subsistence and development is still the red line of the cause of human rights in China,which is based on the inherent stipulations of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the cause of human rights in China will always develop along this red line,opening a new starting point and a new journey for the cause of human rights and finally realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Apart from “Introduction” and “Conclusion”,the main part of this dissertation consists of five chapters:’The first chapter is an overview of the white paper and the white paper on human rights with government position.A “white paper” is a document or report in which the government of a country conducts discourse publicity in a certain aspect of the country.The “white paper on human rights” is a type of “white paper”,which refers to a country’s document on discourse publicity on its own human rights situation and its main purpose is to publicize the attitude,position and practical achievements of the Chinese government on human rights at home and abroad.The first white paper released by China was the white paper on human rights.In 1991,China released its first human rights white paper The Situation of Human Rights in China,which was also the first white paper in China.In 1991,China released the white paper Human Rights Situation in China,in which “human rights” is called “great term”,and it was proposed for the first time that “the right to subsistence is the primary human right that the Chinese people have been striving for for a long time.” The right to subsistence became the keynote of the first white paper on human rights,and formed the background of subsequent white papers on human rights.In this white paper,the right to development is also raised.It has been more than 30 years since the first white paper on human rights was published.Over the past 30 years,the topics and main contents of the white paper on human rights have been continuously enriched.The second chapter expounds the changing discourse from “the right to subsistence” to“the right to development” and then to “the right to subsistence and development”.Human rights discourse is the interpretation of the concept of human rights.The “right to subsistence”and “the right to development” as concepts of human rights need to be further explained.Different historical periods,different stages and different interpretation methods will lead to different discourses.Human rights discourse is based on the understanding of the concept of human rights.The generation and improvement of discourse of human rights requires the interpretation of the concept of human rights,which is subjective.Chinese discourse of human rights refers to a series of expressions on the improvement and protection of human rights constructed by the Chinese government in the process of building the human rights cause.In promoting the development of Chinese human rights cause,China has continuously researched,explored and summarized human rights theory and practice,and then gradually formed discourse of human rights with Chinese characteristics.The first white paper Human Rights Situation in China in 1991 put forward that “the right to subsistence is the primary human right that the Chinese people have been striving for for a long time”.Right to Development: China’s Philosophy,Practice and Contribution in 2016 put forward that “the right to subsistence and development is the primary basic human right.” From 1991 to 2016,the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have continuously formed discourse of human rights in their long-term exploration and practice.At the same time,in the process of interpreting discourse of human rights and on the basis of basically solving the right to subsistence,China has further coordinated and increased the people’s rights,striven to promote its better development,and pursued balanced and comprehensive development,improving the guarantee level of economic,social and cultural rights and coordinating and promoting the protection of civil and political rights.From the 30-year white paper on human rights,three construction stages of discourse have been formed from emphasizing the right to subsistence to focusing on the right to development,and then to the equal emphasis on the right to subsistence and development,which gradually formed a discourse system of human rights with Chinese characteristics.The third chapter expounds the further development of the discourse of the right to subsistence and development and the progress of the cause of human rights.The power of discourse is inexhaustible.Under the guidance of the discourse on the right to subsistence and development,the cause of human rights in China has had a clear and definite direction with strong support in practice and has made rapid progress in economic,social,cultural rights and civil and political rights.Discourse of human rights has promoted the practice and development of the cause of human rights in China,and the development of the cause has made great achievements.In the process of summarizing and refining these achievements,a large number of new,vivid and specific discourses of human rights have emerged.In terms of economic,social and cultural rights,there is discourse of human rights,such as“development-oriented poverty alleviation”,“employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood”,“the right to education is an important prerequisite for people’s all-round and free development”,“the basic foundation for ensuring and improving people’s livelihood and enhancing people’s well-being” and so on.In terms of civil and political rights,there is discourse of human rights with Chinese characteristics,such as “we always put people’s life safety first”,“people have the right to participate extensively in public affairs to realize mastery of their own country”,“democracy of grassroots” and so on.In terms of the rights of specific groups,it is emphasized that “special protection” guarantees women’s rights,“promoting development” guarantees the rights of disabled persons,and “policy support”guarantees the rights of ethnic minorities.With the further development of the discourse on the right to subsistence and development,the narrative discourse of the “right to subsistence and development” and the content of the concept are constantly enriched.The fourth chapter expounds the new discourse and practice in the new era.The production of discourse comes from practice,and the production of the discourse of human rights comes from the practice of human rights.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.Under the leadership of the Chinese government and the CPC Central Committee,great achievements have been made in the cause of human rights.We have adhered to the people’s dominant position in the cause of human rights and adhere to the people-centered development philosophy;we have promoted and realized more adequate and higher-quality employment,and have built the world’s largest systems of education,social security,and medical and health,to improve the quality of people’s living environment;we have deepened the reform of the judicial system;We continue to develop people’s democracy in the whole process,promote the protection of human rights and the rule of law,and resolutely safeguard fairness and justice.New discourse of human rights with Chinese characteristics has formed,such as “people-centered”,“good life”,“strive to make the people feel fairness and justice in every judicial case”,“people’s democracy in the whole process”,and “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”,with the distinctive features of discourses of human rights in the new era.Furthermore,with discourse guiding practice,the cause of human rights with Chinese characteristics in the new era has been created,and Chinese discourse of human rights that not only conforms to China’s national conditions,but also meets the requirements of the development of the times,have been formed.What’s more,a theoretical and practical paradigm has been provided for international governance of human rights.The fifth chapter analyzes the world influence of discourse of Chinese human rights.China has the right to speak about the right to subsistence and development.In the process of vigorously developing the cause of human rights,China has actively shared its experience in development of human rights with the world,provided a reference for the development of the world’s cause of human rights,and contributed vivid and rich discourse of human rights.In the process of promoting the development of the cause of human rights in the world,China has also continuously transformed practice of human rights into discourse of human rights,and formed discourse of human rights such as “promoting human rights through development”,“community with a shared future for mankind”,“One Belt One Road”,“community of human health and health” and so on,which is in line with the aspirations of people all over the world for development and peace and for a better life with profound and rich connotations and meanings.China’s development is inseparable from the world,and China has been deeply integrated into the world.At the same time,China’s development is increasingly dependent on the world’s development,and the world’s development is inseparable from China.As a responsible country,while realizing its own development,China has created more opportunities for the development of the world,contributed more Chinese wisdom,provided the reference and experience for other developing countries,and injected new impetus into the future development of the world.These discourse expressions with Chinese characteristics contain Chinese culture and Chinese values.At the same time,these concepts belong not only to China,but also to the entire human society.They embody the common spiritual pursuit of people in different countries and regions in the world.People all over the world share spiritual and cultural resources.