| The studying abroad is a comprehensive work related to the development of the country.It is closely related to the overall situation of the Chinese Communist Party’s work and is an important channel for training talents in all fields of national construction.The studying abroad work of the Chinese Communist Party runs through the whole process of the history of the Chinese Communist Party.The nearly 100-year studying abroad movement initiated,promoted and led by the Chinese Communist Party has nurtured extremely rich thoughts and epic practice about studying abroad.Especially since the founding of New China,the Communist Party of China has fully started and led the work of studying abroad in New China.It has opened up a new situation of studying abroad under the complicated international and domestic situations.Talents studying abroad have played an important role in the national construction.Moreover,in today’s globalization,the fate of human are closely linked.On all kinds of major issues related to the survival and development of human beings,no nation can be isolated from itself.It is necessary to deal with all kinds of difficult problems faced by human beings in mutual communication and learning.Therefore,under the background of the new era,it is more realistic than ever for different countries to communicate and learn from each other through studying abroad.It is need to be emphasized that this paper chose the thought and practice of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party from 1949 to 1966 as the selected topic because of the pioneering,phased and complex development of this period of history.The 17-year historical period from 1949 to 1966 is the transition from the new-democratic revolution to the socialist revolution in the history of the Chinese Communist Party,and then to the socialist construction period,which is the pioneering period of the construction work and goals of the Chinese Communist Party as the ruling party after the founding of New China in the history of the Chinese Communist Party.This period is obviously different from the "cultural revolution" period that began in 1966,the new period and era of modernization since the reform and opening up after the"cultural revolution".It has a relatively independent historical phase.Moreover,due to the complexity of the times and reality,the Chinese Communist Party’s work in this period is at the exploratory stage.Therefore,the Chinese Communist Party’s studying abroad work in this historical phase is also at the exploratory stage.During this period,the Chinese Communist Party faced a completely new international political pattern,complicated foreign relations and a new situation of exploring socialist construction based on everything to be done.The new historical mission and tasks of the times shouldered by the Chinese Communist Party are extremely arduous.However,building a new China requires a large number of talents in all fields.The development of education,through the restoration and development of overseas education,to train a large number of construction talents for the country and solve the problem of shortage of talents became the only choice made by the Chinese Communist Party under the historical conditions and background of the times at that time.For this reason,the Chinese Communist Party has carried out the work of studying abroad and has made great achievements.The formed work of studying abroad is rich in ideological content,the practice of studying abroad initiated by the Chinese Communist Party is colorful,and the experience left behind is rich and the lesson is profound.It has important research value.Logically and in terms of content,it is an important theoretical preparation for the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad since the reform and opening up,and provides valuable experience,enlightenment and important basis for the maturity of the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad since the reform and opening up.It is of great significance in the history of the Chinese Communist Party,the theoretical construction of the Chinese Communist Party and the process of sinicization of Marxism.It has rich experience and lessons and is worth summarizing and digging deeply.But so far few people have paid attention to it.On the eve of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party,it is very necessary to carry out systematic and specialized research.Based on above,this paper,taking the history of the Chinese Communist Party and the history of studying abroad in China as the background,and taking the thought and practice of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party during the period of the new democratic revolution as the foundation,studies the work of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party from 1949 to 1966 from both the ideological and practical dimensions,summarizes the thought of studying abroad during this period,presents the practice of studying abroad,shows the outstanding contributions made by overseas students in the construction and development of new China,and condenses the experience.The promotion of laws and the summary of lessons provide a new research perspective for the study of the history of the Chinese Communist Party and the study of the sinicization of Marxism.It also provides historical enlightenment and experience for today’s globalization to cultivate international talents,improve the quality and efficiency of internationalization of educational exchanges,and strengthen exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations.Apart from introduction and conclusion,this paper is mainly composed of six chapters.Introduction:In this section,we clarify the basis of the topic selection,reveal the significance of the research,sort out the research results at home and abroad and analyze the research trends.Based on above,we establish the research objectives,ideas and methods,and explain the innovation of this paper.In the first chapter,we explain in detail the basic concepts and categories related to the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad,such as "studying abroad","thinking of studying abroad","thinking of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party",etc.According to the characteristics and laws of the development of the history of the Chinese Communist Party,and in combination with the stages of the history of studying abroad,the development of the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad has been divided into historical stages and summarized and explained.In the second chapter,we mainly trace back to the theoretical origin and historical reference of the thought of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party.It holds that the exposition of Marxism on world history theory,globalization thought and communication theory contains the thought of mutual exchange and study between different ethnic groups and different countries,which has laid a rich theoretical origin of the thought of studying abroad of the Chinese Communist Party.The beneficial elements in the practice and thoughts of studying abroad at all times and in all countries provide experience and historical reference.The founding of the Chinese Communist Party’s studying abroad work and the development of studying abroad practice in the period of the new democratic revolution are a process from scratch.Under the guidance of the ideology of seeking truth of saving the nation and cultivating "revolutionary talents",the focus is to carry out overseas study activities that conform to the characteristics of the times and the needs of the revolution,such as studying in the Soviet Union.It provides experience and enlightenment for the overall development of the study abroad work of the Chinese Communist Party after the founding of New China.In the third chapter,we mainly discuss the historical background of Chinese Communist Party’s studying abroad from 1949 to 1966.After the founding of New China,the Chinese Communist Party became the ruling party.To Chinese Communist Party,it not only marked the victory of the new democratic revolution,but also announced the beginning of the socialist revolution and construction.However,New China is facing a brand-new international political pattern,complicated external relations and a domestic situation with everything to be done.The eastern bloc,led by the Soviet Union,and the capitalist camp,led by the United States,both are in serious opposition internationally.After the Chinese Communist Party voluntarily joined eastern bloc,it made a major decision to "one-sided" the socialist Soviet Union.The Sino-Soviet alliance was established.China sent a large number of overseas students to study advanced science and technology and construction experience in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries.The US-led Western countries adopt a hostile and isolated attitude towards the People’s Republic of China and will not accept the overseas students they send.During this period,Sino-Soviet relations changed,which affected the studying abroad work of the Chinese Communist Party.The Chinese Communist Party made timely adjustments and had a good relationship with countries other than the Soviet Union and the United States.Gradually,it began to carefully send overseas students to western capitalist countries that have established diplomatic relations with them.In the fourth chapter,we try hard to summarize and explain the main contents of the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad from 1949 to 1966.After the founding of New China in 1949,the Chinese Communist Party shouldered the extremely arduous historical and contemporary tasks of building a new China.In order to solve a large number of urgently needed "construction talents",the cause of studying abroad led by the Chinese Communist Party has begun,forming the idea that talents are an important factor in national construction,calling for encouraging overseas talents to return to participate in socialist construction,formulating detailed policies and measures to receive returned overseas students,properly arranging the work and life of overseas students after returning to China,and actively playing the role of overseas students.Take the initiative to send students to the Soviet Union and other socialist countries as the main idea of "one-sided" study abroad,learn from socialist countries with advanced science and technology,formulate detailed policies for studying in socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,constantly sum up the experience of sending students,and accelerate the training of high-tech scientific and technological talents.When the international situation changes,we should assess the situation,identify opportunities and try to send overseas students to capitalist countries to expand the scope of study.In the fifth chapter,we mainly sort out and analyze the practice and main achievements of Chinese Communist Party’s studying abroad from 1949 to 1966.With the formation of the Chinese Communist Party’s thought of studying abroad,the Chinese Communist Party has carried out the work of studying abroad from three aspects:striving for overseas talents to return to serve,actively sending overseas students to socialist countries such as the Soviet Union,and striving to explore sending overseas students to western capitalist countries.During this period,they actively strived for talents studying abroad,such as Qian Xuesen,Deng Jiaxian,Hua Luogeng and Li Siguang,to make contributions back home.Starting to send overseas students from new China to study abroad has eased the shortage of talents and laid the foundation stone for the development of science,education,culture and health.In 1966,the work of studying abroad was interrupted by the "Cultural Revolution",which prompted the Chinese Communist Party and the people of the whole country to reflect deeply and alert.It has also accumulated rich experience and lessons for the rise of the overseas study movement since the reform and opening up.In the sixth chapter,we deeply excavate and systematically summarize the basic experience and lessons of the Chinese Communist Party’s study abroad from 1949 to 1966.The tortuous and vivid practice of studying abroad by the Chinese Communist Party has accumulated extremely rich thoughts and practical experience in studying abroad.It has become an important part of the ideological treasure house and theoretical system of the Chinese Communist Party,and is an important theoretical achievement of the sinicization of Marxism.These experiences are mainly:to establish the idea of studying abroad according to the international and domestic situation,to deeply understand the important position of studying abroad from the overall situation of the Chinese Communist Party’s work,to grasp the main task of national construction to determine the general direction of studying abroad,to adjust the sending policy of studying abroad in time according to the changes in the situation,to be good at creating a new situation of studying abroad in the complicated international and domestic situation,etc.The main lessons are as follows.We should pay attention to overcoming the "left" ideological influence and learn all the advanced science and culture in the world for our own use.The comprehensive survey of the political quality of dispatched personnel should avoid the theory of origin only.We should attach importance to the professional quality of the dispatched personnel and make clear the business direction of studying abroad.To formulate practical and feasible long-term plans and specific measures,more and more students should study in different countries and majors.We should draw lessons from the expansion of anti-rightist activities,which attach importance to overseas students and intellectuals.Scientific thinking of studying abroad is the key to the healthy development of studying abroad. |
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