| From 1950s to 1970s,the balance between human and nature is broken by the development of technology which promoted the improvement of productivity,along with the process of economic globalization spread to the whole world that ecological problem is no longer a local problem.No matter economy,politics or culture,they are all oriented to the destruction of ecology.Rationalisation of domination and use of nature,technical rationality characterized by high yield,an economic system based on liberalism,the ecological damage caused by profit-oriented industrial development is subversive,our world needs a new solution that concerns human survival and development.The ecological and environmental protection organizations,legislation showed up,the public’s awareness of ecological protection has been awakened,facing the crisis of human living environment,it is urgent to explore the root cause of ecological crisis and find the solution ecological problems.As an ecological Marxist scholar,Kovel involved in social and political practice actively,he has participated in party politics as a member of the Green Party,and looked to the capitalist system for a fundamental solution to the ecological crisis.Kovel realized that the Green Party in the United States was too conservative when he explored the combination of theory and practice and the Green Party evolved into a puppet of capital in the process of development gradually.The change of policy cannot solve the crisis fundamentally,all the systems and policies which under the framework of capitalism save the ecological crisis are meaningless,drawing on the lessons of socialism in the "first era" socialism,he proposed that only a radical change in the current social system can save mankind from the crisis.The discussion of the root of ecological crisis has always been the key and starting point of ecological Marxism,kovel saw the logic of capital as the root cause of the ecological crisis,he likened capital to a "giant force field" that manipulates our society in a hidden way,and the operation of capital is summarized as the following three characteristics: First,the profit-seeking nature of capital drives capital to continuously reduce its own conditions of production to create more profits;Second,capital never stop expanding;Third,the capital operation system polarizes the gap between the rich and the poor,leading to chaos in the worldand and economic crises occur periodically.kovel believed that the ecological crisis was caused by a complex combination of factors,rather than a simple accident or decision-making error,as a force field,capital constrains and integrates these complex factors and promotes the process of ecological crisis.The accumulation of capital never stop and cannot be balanced,so the principle of capital accumulation is in contradiction with itself,it is reflected in the fact that capital is constantly overstepping its own limits and pushing the amount of social production up again and again,Each growth is the starting point for the next,and the capital-driven society is in a never-ending production until its resources are exhausted.This logic also proves that capital itself has a limit,and its essence is anti-ecological.Kovel made a series of profound criticisms of the economic and political model based on the logic of capital operation in the capitalist system,his critical theory constitutes the core of Kovel’s revolutionary eco-socialism thought,and his thorough criticism of capitalism is also a clear manifestation of his revolution.The establishment of ecosocialism does not stop at a mere preconception for Kovel,but he outlines the path to the realisation of an ecosocialist society:an ecosocialist revolution.Kovel provides a guidance for the ecosocialist revolution,and his firm repudiation of the capitalist system stipulates that unlike the ecological improvement movements that have been carried out in capitalist societies in the past,the nature of this struggle is revolutionary.nature is revolutionary.Before the revolution,it is necessary to view the realisation of an eco-socialist society as a dynamic process,to build a model of a revolutionary eco-socialist society,to construct a revolutionary eco-socialist conception of an eco-socialist community from a holistic perspective,and to firmly grasp the theoretical core of "revolutionary",so as to bring about the overthrow of the capitalist system and bring humanity out of its ecological predicament.It is only through the overthrow of the capitalist system that mankind will be able to get out of the ecological dilemma.Kovel’s revolutionary eco-socialist thought has both important theoretical significance and theoretical flaws that cannot be ignored,and only through in-depth examination and dialectical analysis can it be extracted as a useful revelation and a reasonable reference.He ignores the main contradiction of social development as well as other factors that are crucial to social development,resulting in a utopian outline of eco-socialism.However,his theory highlights the status of ecological protection and his radical critique of capitalism,which is revolutionary in character and deepens the study of eco-Marxism.He started from the Marxist theoretical viewpoint,combined with the ecological point of view of environmental protection concerns,but also inherited the ecological Marxism in the universality of the research perspective on the root causes of the ecological crisis to carry out a series of profound exploration,the construction of revolutionary eco-socialist society provides an important reference value for the contradiction between man and nature in the development of contemporary society. |
