A Sdudy On Lithographic Newspapers And Periodicals In Modern China Through The Perspective Of Field Theory

News of the States,founded in 1838,is widely regarded as the beginning of lithography in China.From 1838 to 1949,in all provinces of the mainland of China appeared over 800 lithographic newspapers and periodicals,typical representatives of which were Shubao,Dianshizhai Pictorial,The Chinese Progress,Jinchaji Daily,etc.Despite a long period of stagnation in the middle of the 19 th century,the life of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in China has been continuous from the reform period to the founding of New China,forming a special media phenomenon in modern journalism home and even abroad.To some extent,lithography promoted the development of China’s mainstream newspapers and periodicals,created new types of newspapers and periodicals,advanced the camp of red newspapers and periodicals,and played a unique progressive role in the transformation of modern Chinese society.The key question to be answered in this paper is: How does the lithographic technology,albeit its origin from the West,boost a relatively grand scale of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern China,even far beyond the scale of lithography in its cradle areas and advanced European and American countries?On the base of Bourdieu’s field theory,this paper regards the modern Chinese lithographic newspapers and periodicals as a media field and focuses on its production,the whole progress from its editorial to publication included.With a critical integration of technological capital into filed theory,the author attempts to explore the reasons of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern China.The method adopted to finish the causal analysis is mainly literature research method and historical comprarative method.Centering on the field theory,the text is divided into five chapters,of which are the history of formation,textual investigation,agent,action criteria and causes of the production field of lithographic newspapers and periodicals respectively.The formation of China’s modern lithographic newspapers and periodicals cannot be separated from three kinds of habitus(industry norms,cultural tradition and management attitude)and four kinds of capital(economic capital,social capital,technical capital and cultural capital).It is also constantly under the influence of external political field,economic field and cultural field.By adapting to field hysteresis,habitus can reproduce the field.At the same time,capital reconstructs the field.Economic capital and social capital have become the two most significant capital affecting the media field.Together with the combined force of technical capital and cultural capital,the four kinds of capital have jointly changed the pattern of the field of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern China.The lithographic newspapers and periodicals in China eventually merged into the field of political communication and became a localized field of alienation.The life course of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern China also suggests that we should break the duality of old and new media.It is more rational to view and evaluate the value of media by placing it in the context of society and times.This paper also refutes technical determinism.As a technology that provides infrastructure for society,lithography influences actors but does not determine their media practices.Communication media is a two-way construction of technology and society.Neither social environment nor technological advantage alone can support the normal development of media.The innovation of this paper is as follows: Firstly,It is the first time to systematically study the whole history of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern China.there is no systematic research on the whole history of Chinese lithographic newspapers and periodicals,which does not fully match the role of lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern china.In this paper,a large number of detailed materials are provided,key historical facts are analyzed,and a comprehensive collation and evaluation of the lithographic newspapers and periodicals in modern china is carried out.Besides,a detailed analysis is made of its diverse and complex causes,which plays a certain role in filling the research blank in related fields.Secondly,it is helpful to enrich the exploration of the diversified research path of the history of newspapers and periodicals.the media technology has received slightly less attention.This paper breaks through the conventional research perspective and takes media technology as the starting point,which is helpful to observe the history of Chinese modern newspapers and periodicals from another dimension,and enriches the exploration of the diversified research path.Thirdly,it expands the boundary of field theory to some extent.In this paper,the research object,the research problem and the theoretical tool are closely combined.According to the particularity of the research object and the research problem,on the basis of the economic capital,social capital and cultural capital proposed by Bourdieu,the discussion of technological capital is added,which expands the boundary of the field theory to a certain extent.