The relationship between the individual and the community is an unchanging issue in the development of human society.While the capitalist mode of production has created tremendous productivity and promoted the overall progress and development of society,it has also expanded the scope of human interaction,so that the relationship between the individual and the community is no longer confined to narrow ties,which provides certain conditions for the free development of human beings.Along with this,there is also the phenomenon of alienation of human beings in the "abstract community" dominated by capital logic,and the phenomenon of division and antagonism between individuals and the community.At present,the wave of modernization caused by industrialization,informationization,and globalization has led to the emergence of new forms and patterns of problems such as the one-sidedness and abstraction of individual development and the weakening of the function of the community,and the confrontation between the individual and the community has taken on new forms and crises.In the face of the modern dilemma of the relationship between the individual and the community,the focus of research must return to the Marxist theory,which is regarded as the "peak of human thought",to explore the "way of symbiosis" between the individual and the community.To clarify Marx’s unique reference to the definition and use of the concepts of the individual and the community,and to find out why Marx linked the concepts of the individual and the community together,is a prerequisite for this study.When Marx talks about "real people," he often uses the concept of "individual" rather than the concept of "person" in the usual sense,and when he talks about "communist society," he usually uses the concept of "community.Communist society" is usually referred to by the concept of "community"(or "association")rather than the concept of "society",which implies Marx’s special understanding of the relationship between the individual and the community.The reason why Marx combined the concepts of individual and community is that they are a pair of mutually predicated,symbiotic and relational existence,an important tool for investigating the development of human society,and an inevitable requirement for exploring the path of human emancipation.Marx’s idea of the relationship between the individual and the community has its specific theoretical origin and practical motivation,and is an ideological system gradually formed in the course of critical construction.After the Industrial Revolution,the traditional community under capitalist socialized mass production was increasingly disintegrating,and the proletariat was gradually developing and growing,and the confrontation between "what is" and "what ought to be" in the process of social change prompted Marx to pay attention to the relationship between the individual and the community.Marx began to pay attention to the reality of the relationship between the individual and the community.The ancient Greek city-state community,the medieval "sacred community," the modern "contractual community," the "ethical community" followed by classical German philosophy,and the "harmonious community" of idealism The idea of "harmonious community" in socialism had a great influence on Marx’s understanding of the relationship between the individual and the community.Following the path of "philosophical criticism" → "political criticism" → "economic criticism",Marx finally built a set of scientific principles after the stages of initial understanding → rational reflection → maturity and evolution → perfect construction.Marx finally built a scientific and complete system of thought on the relationship between the individual and the community.By examining the different characteristics of human existence at different stages of history,Marx divided the relationship between the individual and the community into three stages: pre-capitalism-capitalism-communism,and summarized the relationship between the individual and the community as follows Community-dependent individuals;abstract,illusory community-formally independent individuals;real community-freely developing individuals,summarizing the process of the evolution of the relationship between individuals and community and its laws.From a general point of view,Marx’s thought on the relationship between the individual and the community is based on the reality of human beings and the practice of material production,a dialectical way of thinking about the relationship between the individual and the community,and a general understanding of the relationship between the individual and the community in the process of criticizing and transcending civil society.To sum up,the logical thread running through Marx’s thought on the relationship between the individual and the community is the consideration of the essence of the human being.First of all,starting from the class characteristics of human beings,that is,their free and conscious activities,it is pointed out that the community is a community of individual existence,and that the productive activities and ways of existence of individuals as well as the mutual cooperation among them promote the creation and development of the community.Finally,from the individual property of human beings,it is pointed out that the difference and commonness of human existence provide the preconditions for the formation of the relationship between the individual and the community,the individuality and sociality of human existence give rise to the opposition and unity relationship between the individual and the community,and the independence and subjectivity of human existence promote the formation of the symbiotic relationship between the individual and the community.Within the structure of the relationship between nature and society,it is the ultimate goal of Marx’s thought on the relationship between the individual and the community to explore how to realize the harmony and symbiosis of these three,and finally to think about the realization of the comprehensive and free development of human beings.Needless to say,Chinese modernization is also bound to face the problem of constructing modernity in the relationship between the individual and the community.Looking at contemporary China from the perspective of Marx’s idea of the relationship between the individual and the community,we can find that Chinese society is facing the problems of the prominence of human subjectivity and the coexistence of multiple personality structures,the dilution of collective consciousness and the lack of a sense of belonging,as well as the impact of multicultural values on the internal order of the construction of community in China.Therefore,we should not only examine Marx’s idea of the relationship between the individual and the community from a theoretical perspective,but also seek practical theoretical inspiration from Marx’s idea of the relationship between the individual and the community.In short,in the process of Chinese modernization,we should actively build a community of life between human beings and nature to alleviate ecological problems and meet people’s needs for a better life in the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature;we should promote the interaction between the modern development of human beings and the construction of the modernity of the community,and strengthen the deep connection between individuals and the community with spiritual and cultural ties;we should promote the construction of the community of human destiny,and lead the universal interaction of the world with the common human values,so that we can have a better life.We should promote the construction of the community of human destiny,lead the universal interaction in the world with common human values,and then develop the modern construction of the relationship between individuals and the community in multiple dimensions. |