Interpretation Of The Newly Found Epitaph Of Xiao Wuyan Du Jian In Khitan Large Script And The Grammatical Category Of "Case" In Khitan

The Khitan,a member of the Eastern Hu family,originated from the Xianbei,a branch of the Yuwen,is one of the northern peoples of ancient China.The Khitan people created two kinds of scripts successively,namely the Khitan large script and the Khitan small script.Khitan scripts and Chinese characters were used in parallel in the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty,and were used for more than 270 years until the "imperial edict to ban the Khitan script" in the second year（1191）of the Ming Chang reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin.With the downfall of the Liao Dynasty,Khitan script gradually became a dead script that no one could recognize.The discovery of the Eulogies of Emperor and Empress of Khitan in the 1920s drew widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad,and work on interpreting the Khitan script began one after another.Over the past hundred years,the study of Khitan script has gradually developed,and in the 1970s a breakthrough was made,represented by the research results of the "Khitan Script Research Group".Since then,inscriptions on Khitan scripts,both large and small,have been unearthed,the research team on Khitan scripts have grown stronger,research methods have become increasingly sophisticated,and Khitan script research has seen unprecedented development.In recent years,research on the Khitan script has made great achievements in exploring its phonetic value,lexical interpretation,phonetic and grammatical rules,and other aspects.This study takes Epitaph of Xiao WuYan Du Jian as the main research object,and combines with other Khitan large and small script documents,using the method of comparative philology to compare the relevant Khitan large and small script documents;using the method of historical comparative linguistics to conduct a comparative study between Khitan and the Mongolian language family and the Manchu Tungusic language family;using deductive inference to observe,hypothesize,and verify the context of Khitan large script documents,and identified and interpreted some Khitan words.Meanwhile,the present study also conducts in-depth analysis and research on the grammatical category of "case" of Khitan and interprets the additional components of "case’ that have not been deciphered by previous authors from different perspectives.This study consists of five parts:Introduction,Chapter 1,Chapter 2,Chapter 3,and Conclusion.Introduction mainly explains the basis and significance of the topic selection,as well as the research overview at home and abroad.The first chapter mainly interprets a group of words and phrases in Khitan large script.The second chapter mainly reviews the "case’ grammatical category in the Khitan scripts literature,complementing previous research results and interpreting new additional components.The third chapter conducts in-depth analysis and research on the characteristics of the additional components of "case’ in the Khitan and the relationship between some additional components of "case",and puts forward my own views on the linguistic affiliation of the Khitan language.Conclusion summarizes the vocabulary and "case" grammar phenomena of the Khitan language interpreted in this study.Through the study of Khitan vocabulary and "case" grammatical category,this study has achieved the following results:1.In terms of vocabulary in Khitan:（1）Through the interpretation of the new material,the pronunciation of 23 Khitan scripts,including（?）"stele",（?）"government official",（?）皿 "part",（?）"order",（?）（?）"interest",（?）"between",（?）"close",早（?）工 "pass away",（?）"Be knowledgeable",were reconstructed and their meanings were interpreted.（2）8 sets of Khitan scripts with variant forms were identified.（3）53 new glyphs were counted from Bigger.2.In terms of the grammatical category of "case" in Khitan:（1）（?）,廴,弃（?）also indicate the additional components of "Add components to the lattice""Add ingredients from Bigger".（2）In Khitan,the additional component（?）i is used to represent the meaning of the genitive and accusative cases,and（?）ar、?r is used to represent the meaning of the accusative case and the dependent case.The same phonetic form indicates different grammatical meanings of "case",which is the same as the grammatical features of Middle Mongolian.（3）In Khitan inscriptions,there are overlapping forms of the additional components of "Orthorhombic lattice"and "possession","accusative case" and "possession",and "Bylattice" and "possession".For example,（?）deu-ur+（?）a-án,（?）i+（?）a-án,（?）er+（?）a-án.（4）In Khitan,there is a phenomenon of omission of the genitive case additional component（?）un and Orthorhombic lattice case additional component（?）de.（5）There is a phenomenon of "plural declension" in Khitan.The phenomenon of phonetic loss is also observed.For example,in some cases,when the"plural"additional component（?）ci is added to the stem ending with（?）er,the consonant r of（?）.er is shed.Consonant r also fall off when stems ending in（?）er are followed by additional components of Orthorhombic lattice、From Bigg and accusative case.（6）In the Khitan literature,（?）t-d-i（from them）,（?）t-d（to them）,（?）t-i are respectively in the form of the demonstrative pronoun（?）et（this）followed by the additional components of From Bigg（?）d-i,the additional component of Orthorhombic lattice（?）d,and the accusative additional component（?）i.（?）an-i is the form of the demonstrative pronoun（?）an（this）followed by the accusative component（?）i.（7）There are "double case" additional components in Khitan language,such as double case additional components based on "genitive case","accusative case" and "Orthorhombic lattice",respectively.（8）The additional component of Khitan From Bigg not only indicates the meaning of starting point,leaving or passing,but also indicates the grammatical meanings such as origin,comparison,distance,together,direct object,place of occurrence,and orientation.In addition,the author believes that the glyph（?）i is a third-person pronoun.Khitan small scripts（?）h-ib "all",（?）qa-abu-te₂ "common”,（?）of "numerous",and 伏夯 ?-e₂ "other" are range pronouns.