| In 2022,the realization of the value of ecological products was included in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,rising to the common will and action plan of the Party and the country.The report points out that ecological products are a strategic way to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Since the Ninth Five Year Plan period,significant results have been achieved in the control measures of rocky desertification,with the development of ecological industries as the main focus,forming a group of ecological products with high economic and ecological benefits.In the new era,promoting the efficient circulation and value enhancement of ecological products,and filling the gaps in the design of the entire chain of industry,academia,research,and application for rocky desertification control have become important means to enhance the economic benefits of farmers and stabilize the results of governance.It has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the realization of ecological product value,consolidating poverty alleviation achievements,connecting rural revitalization,and promoting ecological civilization construction.This study focuses on scientific issues and technological needs such as the more efficient connection between farmers and the market in the circulation of ecological products,which mode can reduce transaction costs while protecting farmers’rights and interests,which mode is more suitable for promoting the modernization process of ecological product circulation in rocky desertification areas,and how to enhance the value of ecological products in the circulation process.Based on theories such as human land relationship,transaction costs,feasible capabilities,and social capital,On the Guizhou Plateau,Bijie Salaxi,Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang and Shibing Karst,which represent the structural characteristics of the social economic natural complex system in the South China Karst Karst region,are selected as the study areas.From 2018 to 2021,household surveys,informal interviews and data collection will be carried out on 10 administrative villages,5 leading enterprises,14 cooperatives and 469 farmers in the study area.Multinomial Logit model,fuzzy mathematics,multiple regression model Rubinstein model and other methods were used to conduct research on the circulation mechanism,mechanism,mode evaluation,and value enhancement of ecological products for rocky desertification control.The focus was on elucidating the circulation mechanism of ecological products for rocky desertification control,revealing the operating mechanisms of different ecological product circulation modes,proposing ecological product circulation optimization models based on value chain theory,as well as ecological product value enhancement technologies and strategies.Finally,demonstration verification and application promotion were conducted.The main content and conclusions of this study include:(1)Clarified 9 influencing factors and their mechanisms that affect the circulation efficiency of ecological products in rocky desertification control,and analyzed the spatial differences of each factor in different levels of rocky desertification areas.The overall scale of the trading market,the organizational scale of circulation enterprises,the development level of the logistics service industry,the level of residents’consumption capacity,the strength of policy support,the level of circulation informatization,the level of transport infrastructure,the level of industrialization and the degree of rocky desertification increase by 1%,and the circulation efficiency of ecological products increases by 0.319,0.397,0.069,0.318,0.248,0.535,0.082,0.412 and -0.278 units respectively,of which the informatization level is the most significant factor,The degree of rocky desertification is negatively correlated with circulation efficiency.There are differences in the degree to which the circulation efficiency of ecological products is affected by the 9 factors mentioned above among three different levels of rocky desertification areas.Among them,for every 1%increase in the organizational scale of circulation enterprises,the circulation efficiency of ecological products increases by 0.085 and 0.113 units in areas with potential mild and moderate intensity rocky desertification,respectively,while the impact on areas without potential rocky desertification is not significant.(2)Five circulation modes of ecological products for rocky desertification control were revealed:“farmer-market”,“farmer-agent-market”,“farmer-wholesaler-market”,“farmer-cooperative-leading enterprise-market”,and“farmer-leading enterprise-market”.Five mechanisms were summarized,including direct sales mechanism,agency mechanism,self operation mechanism,vendors mechanism and distribution mechanism.Based on the perspective of farmers and the actual situation of the circulation of ecological products for rocky desertification control,with farmers as the production end and market trading entities such as consumers,agents,wholesalers,cooperatives,and leading enterprises as the circulation end,the circulation mode and mechanism of ecological products for rocky desertification control are classified into:“farmer-market”circulation mode and direct sales mechanism,“farmer-wholesaler-market”circulation mode and agency mechanism,The“farmer-agent-market”circulation model and vendor mechanism,the“farmer-leading enterprise-market”and“farmer-cooperative-leading enterprise-market”circulation models and self operated,distribution mechanisms.(3)It was found that transaction costs are a key factor affecting farmers’choice of ecological product circulation models.It is proposed to enter the circulation market in a“companion”organizational form,which is more conducive to maintaining and enhancing farmers’interests.Based on the regression analysis of the basic situation of farmers’households and transaction costs,it was found that transaction costs are the key factor affecting farmers’choice of ecological product circulation mode.Through a comprehensive analysis of the four factors of transaction costs(information cost,negotiation cost,execution cost,and transportation cost),it is concluded that entering the market through“companion”is more beneficial for farmers to maintain and enhance their own interests,especially for large-scale supermarkets,cooperative societies,and leading enterprises with high levels of organization.They are more effective in maintaining and enhancing farmers’interests than self sales,brokers,and wholesalers.Therefore,From the perspective of saving transaction costs,the priority order for farmers to choose the ecological product circulation mode is:cooperatives>leading enterprises>cooperatives leading enterprises>wholesalers>brokers>farmers self selling.(4)Revealed the rights and interests of farmers under six ecological product circulation modes,and analyzed the spatial differences of farmers’rights and interests in different levels of rocky desertification areas.The equity values of farmers in the circulation models of“farmers cooperatives leading enterprises market”,“farmers cooperatives market”,“farmers leading enterprises market”,“farmers agents market”,“farmers wholesalers market”,and“farmers market”are 0.658,0.631,0.604,0.485,0.477,and 0.238,respectively.Among them,the proportion of medium and above equity is 92.3%,89.6%,79%,41.3%,35.8%,and 0.There is a significant difference in the equity status of farmers in the six ecological product circulation modes,presenting an inverted pyramid distribution feature.Among them,the equity value of the first layer of farmers is 2.66 times that of the third layer.The ecological product circulation equity values of farmers in areas with no potential rocky desertification,areas with potential mild rocky desertification,and areas with moderate intensity rocky desertification are 0.519,0.525,and 0.497,respectively,all around medium equity.The main reason is that the proportion of farmers choosing circulation modes below medium equity is 49.38%,49.01%,and 58.86%,respectively.(5)Five key technologies and strategies for enhancing the value of ecological products in rocky desertification have been proposed:automatic weighing and grading operation technology,preservation control technology,multimodal transportation strategy,regional brand building strategy,big data precision marketing,and personalized customization technology.This study conforms to the development trend of ecological industry in ecological environment protection,resource conservation and utilization,and ecological benefits.Based on the actual needs of circulation entities,and in response to the shortcomings of ecological product circulation in graded acquisition,preservation storage,road transportation,brand construction,and large-scale data marketing for rocky desertification control,we have developed automatic weighing and grading operation technology,preservation control technology,and other technologies for ecological products big data precision marketing and personalized customization technology,as well as obtaining invention patents and software copyrights,proposed multimodal transportation strategies and brand building strategies,and submitted consulting reports to the demonstration zone government,have become key technologies and strategies to enhance the value of ecological products for rocky desertification control.(6)Three ecological product circulation models for rocky desertification control based on value chain management have been constructed,and demonstration verification and promotion applications have been carried out.Through qualitative comparative analysis and functional simulation,it is found that ecological products under value chain management are significantly superior to traditional supply chain management in terms of circulation revenue,transaction costs,and retail prices.Therefore,based on the value chain theory and the actual situation of the research area,the“Bijie Model”with cooperatives as the chain owners,the“Zhenfeng-Guanling Model”with large supermarkets as the chain owners,and the“Shibing Model”with leading enterprises as the chain owners have been constructed.The demonstration results indicate that as of 2020,the total area of rocky desertification in the three research areas has decreased by 54.23km~2.The cumulative increase in soil conservation is 259300t.The carbon storage of the ecosystem increased by 586.55t accumulatively.The per capita net income of 9480 impoverished people has increased to 9882 yuan,achieving complete poverty alleviation.The cumulative value of ecosystem service functions has increased by 115 million yuan.Based on 11 characteristic indexes of three demonstration areas,a suitability extension index system was established.In the karst area of South China Karst,Bijie model,Zhenfeng-Guanling model and Shibing model are suitable for more than 12.23km~2,26.71km~2,and 24.34km~2,They respectively account for 6.29%,13.73%,and 12.51%of the total land area of 8 provinces.In the selection of governance models,it is still necessary to strengthen the suitability analysis of model boundary conditions,select according to local conditions,and further strengthen the integration and innovation of models and technologies. |
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