| The control of karst rocky desertification in southern China has achieved initial results,and the report of the 19 th CPC National Congress clearly calls for scientific and comprehensive control of rocky desertification.The energy utilization of rural biomass waste is an important way to realize the efficient utilization of rural biomass energy,which is of great significance to consolidate the achievements of rocky desertification control and improve environmental quality.According to geography,ecology,energy science involving energy substitution theory,farmer behavior theory,the circular economy theory and the theory of sustainable development,for the farmers of biomass waste energy will influence factors are not clear and the way of energy-oriented use a single,low efficiency of science and technology needs,on behalf of the southern overall environment of the structure of the guizhou plateau karst mountainous area,Three study areas,namely,Bijie Salaxi,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Shibing Karst,were selected from 2018 to 2021.Through socio-economic and rural energy surveys,the grass-valley ratio method,biomass energy potential estimation method,binary logistic regression and other measurement methods were used.On rocky desertification governance in rural biomass waste energy efficient use of cutting-edge research and common key technology research and development,application demonstration and industrialization promotion from the whole chain design,deployment,integration points module propulsion system research,focus on proven biomass waste energy potential and spatial distribution pattern,analysis of the influential factors of the farmers use intention and adjust the strategy,It reveals the efficient utilization mechanism of biomass waste energy utilization,proposes the key technologies of rural biomass waste energy utilization that are suitable for the region and conducts demonstration and verification,which provides scientific and technological reference for the optimization of rural energy structure in the control of rocky desertification in China.(1)The agricultural biomass waste in the karst rocky desertification area has a great potential for energy conversion,with obvious regional characteristics and a strong correlation with the rocky desertification level.The energy potential of agricultural biomass waste per household in mountainous and gorge non-potential rocky desertification areas,plateau mountainous potential-slight rocky desertification and plateau canyon middle-intensity rocky desertification areas are 2433.74 kgce,2343.86 kgce,and 2188.03 kgce,respectively;the energy potential of straw waste per household is1332.91 kgce,777.74 kgce,and 81.07 kgce respectively;the energy potential of agricultural processing by-product waste is 71.98 kgce,30.42 kgce,and 3.67 kgce respectively;the energy potential of livestock and poultry manure per household They are 1028.86 kgce,1535.7 kgce,and 2103.29 kgce respectively.The lower the level of rocky desertification,the higher the energy potential of household straw waste and agricultural processing by-product waste,and the lower the energy potential of household livestock manure.It may be due to the high degree of land fragmentation in karst areas,the small and scattered arable land area.With the aggravation of rocky desertification,the area of arable land is reduced.The potential of straw resources is not ideal and it is difficult to use effectively.However,the feasibility of the utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources is strong,and the requirements for arable land are relatively small.Trigger changes in agricultural production methods,that is,the transformation of traditional farming to livestock and poultry breeding.Energy utilization is an important part of resource utilization,and resource utilization is a comprehensive system.In the next step,it is necessary to consider the competitive use of fertilizer,feed,substrate and other resource utilization.(2)Shibing karst mountain gorge non-potential rocky desertification area has great potential for energy conversion of forestry waste,and only the forestry waste energy storage in this area exceeds the average annual fuelwood utilization of local households.The energy potential of forest biomass waste is as following: mountain canyon non-potential rocky desertification area >plateau mountain potential area-mild rocky desertification area >plateau canyon-intensity rocky desertification area.The energy reserve of forest biomass waste per household is 42219.38 kgce,1478.77 kgce and 839.61 kgce,respectively.The average annual firewood consumption in the areas with no potential rocky desertification in mountain gorge,mild potential rocky desertification in plateau mountain,and medium intensity rocky desertification in plateau gorge were 3530.39 kgce,1481.83 kgce,and 2870.11 kgce,respectively.The energy storage of forest waste per household exceeds the annual firewood consumption per household in the areas with no potential rocky desertification in mountains and valleys,that is,the higher the level of karst rocky desertification,the stronger the negative impact of firewood on the service function of forest ecosystem.(3)From the perspective of farmers,farmers in karst rocky desertification areas have a higher willingness to utilize rural biomass waste energy,which is influenced by individual characteristics of farmers,family endowment characteristics,cognitive characteristics and regional characteristics of farmers.From the perspective of individual characteristics of rural households,the age of rural households had a significant negative impact on their willingness to use rural biomass waste energy,and whether the head of the household was a village cadre had a significant positive impact on the willingness to use rural biomass waste energy.Among the characteristic factors of household endowment,household arable land area,breeding scale and ratio of agricultural income have a significant impact on farmers’ willingness to utilize rural biomass waste energy.Among the factors of farmers’ perception characteristics,the two influencing factors of farmers’ perception of the value of rural biomass waste and their perception of the use of rural biomass waste to increase income and improve the environment had a significant positive effect on their willingness to use energy;among the factors of regional characteristics,the degree of farmers’ cognition of incentive policies has a significant impact on their willingness to turn rural biomass waste into energy.(4)Propose high-efficiency utilization technologies of rural biomass waste for energy in different karst rocky desertification rural areas,and conduct verification and demonstrations,with significant effects.Based on the existing and common technologies of rural biomass waste energy utilization in the three demonstration areas,the key innovative technologies of fibrous rural biomass waste collection and storage technology,ecological shed system structure,biomass efficient and energy-saving direct fired stoves,environment friendly carbonization stoves and rural household biomass energy comprehensive utilization system are proposed.The demonstration of biomass high efficiency direct combustion technology and ecological enclosure improvement technology was carried out in salaxi demonstration site in Bijie,the demonstration of biomass waste collection and storage improvement technology and household straw biogas utilization technology was carried out in Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration site,and the demonstration of biomass high efficiency direct combustion technology and household straw biogas utilization technology was carried out in Shibing karst River demonstration site.They have achieved good economic,ecological and social benefits,improved the production and living environment of farmers,improved the affordability of energy,and the demonstration effect is obvious.However,the current karst rocky desertification rural biomass waste energy technology is highly dispersed.With the development of large-scale industry in rural areas,the energy utilization technology of rural biomass waste is changing from decentralized to centralized large-scale utilization,which is the next research direction. |
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