| As for the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics,the state-owned economy is dominant with the public economy as the main body.The state-owned enterprises are the main organizational forms of state-owned economy and socialist public ownership enterprises whose reform is playing an important role in China’s economic system reform.Especially,a new era of SOE reform is opened after the idea(or theory)of reforming state-owned enterprise via shareholding system is put forward and tested.Continuous progress has been made since the reform and opening up.From the perspective of reform practice,most of the state-owned enterprises have become a state-owned holding company or state-owned shareholding company by restructuring,providing a powerful material reserve for socialist economic construction and social development in China.From the perspective of theoretical exploration and innovation,on one hand,the natural advantages of shareholding system in raising funds,improving enterprise efficiency and realizing "separation of two rights" are explored from the Marxist theory of shareholding system so that it can become a beneficial attempt to transform state-owned enterprises and explore ways to diversify public ownership in China.On the other hand,the nutrient is derived from the western theory of property rights.The state-owned enterprises seek the transition to property right reform under the socialist market economy system,the property relations of state-owned enterprises are straightened out by the shareholding system reform based on the goal of establishing a modern enterprise system,the mixed ownership economy subject to integration of public capital and non-public capital is actively developed and more specific and more detailed shareholding system reform is carried out to guarantee the dominant position of the public sector of the economy and promote the joint development of the economy with different types of ownership.However,based on the Marxist theory of shareholding system,the sublation of capitalism is emphasized,and it’s deemed that the stockholding system can only exist in the transitory stage from capitalism to socialism;the western theory of property rights is aimed at perfecting the capitalist private ownership.China faces a very different historical background,requiring a breakthrough in these two big theories for the thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises coming into being and developing in practice.For this purpose,this dissertation attempts to expound and answer several key questions below: Firstly,what theoretical consensus and disagreement with respect to shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises have been formed in the academic world and political circles since reform and opening up? Secondly,what kind of dynamic evolution process did these thoughts go through in the history of more than 40 years?What are the evolution mechanisms and internal logics that promote the continuous development and change of thoughts? What kind of practical performance do these thoughts produce? Thirdly,in what dimensions are these ideas innovative in an international perspective? Fourthly,taking history as a mirror,what are the prospects for tackling a difficult problem in the new journey of deepening the shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises?This dissertation systematically combs the thought of shareholding system reform and its evolution process in Chinese state-owned enterprises since the reform and opening up in chronological order.The main content is divided into five contents:The first chapter is the introduction where the topic selection background and significance of this dissertation,object of study and distinction of concept,review and comment of existing researches,research method and basic thinking as well as basic framework and innovation and shortcomings of this dissertation are introduced emphatically.The second,third and fourth chapters are the main part of this dissertation and the main point of this dissertation,and they’re the incubation stage(1978-1992),development stage(1993-2012)and deepening stage(since 2013)of thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises since reform and opening up.As for the general train of thought,firstly,the theoretical background,economic background or system background of the formation of the thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises in each stage are introduced;Secondly,the relevant theoretical discussions in the academic world are combed and investigated,and then the thought of system construction promulgated by the state is used as the research content;finally,the theoretical characteristics of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises during the period in terms of thought content,thought subject and thought evolution are concluded,which is supplemented by analysis and evidence of economic performance.The specific arrangement is as follows:The second chapter is the first part of research subject of this dissertation,namely the first stage of the evolution of thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises since reform and opening up: incubation stage(1978-1992).Firstly,the theoretical background,economic background and system background of the incubation and formation of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises during the period are introduced,respectively from three aspects:ideological emancipation giving rise to theoretical reflection on the reform of the economic system,developing a planned commodity economy to create a market environment for the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises and thinking and breakthrough on Marx’s theory of shareholding system.Secondly,the theoretical discussion about theory of an enterprise-based economy,structure of ownership,shareholding system nature,adaptability of shareholding system and socialism and whether it’s necessary for state-owned enterprises to carry out shareholding system reform and theoretical reflection on joint-stock companies becoming "flip" companies in the academic world are combed and investigated,and the system design ideas of standardizing the enterprise reform mechanism are explored from 11 national regulations(such as "1982 Constitution",1988 constitutional amendment and Pilot Measures for Joint-stock Enterprises);Finally,the thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises during the period are summarized and evaluated and analyzed from three aspects(including main thought content,thought subject and evolution track)based on the economic performance of state-owned enterprise reform with an attempt to analyze the main reason why the thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises are incubated and formed.The third chapter is the second part of research subject,namely the second stage of the evolution of thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises since reform and opening up: Development stage(1993-2012)Firstly,the theoretical background,system background and economic background of the reform and development of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises are summarized from three aspects(including establishment of socialist market economic system to lay the foundation for the shareholding system reform in stateowned enterprises,Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transition from right of management to property right reform to promote the booming of shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises);Secondly,the concept and relationship of legal person property right and capital ownership of state-owned holding or shareholding enterprises,thought on establishment and improvement of corporate governance structure of state-owned holding or shareholding enterprises,innovative discussion on "separation of two rights" in the academic world,ideological exploration regarding the transition of state-owned assets supervision system from "enterprise management" to "assets management" and theoretical research on the shareholding system reform and the establishment of modern enterprise system in the academic world are combed and investigated,and the system design idea for perfecting the enterprise’s corporate governance mechanism is explored in the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as Company Law)and Scheme for Selecting One Batch of Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises To Pilot the Modern Enterprise System;Finally,the content core,theoretical value and evolution stage of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises during the period are analyzed and summarized and the investigation is conducted in line with the performance of shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises.The fourth chapter is the third part of research subject,namely the third stage of the evolution of thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises since reform and opening up: Deepening stage(2013-2021).Firstly,the system background and economic background for the formation of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises during the period are summarized from four aspects(including policy adjustment of non-public economy development and thought innovation of "advancing together with the people",accelerating the layout optimization and structural adjustment of state-owned economy and the gradual expansion of private economy,economic globalization and development opportunities and challenges of state-owned enterprises as well as reform of state-owned enterprises focusing on actively developing mixed ownership economy);Secondly,the policy thoughts(such as employee stock ownership thought for stimulating the internal vitality of state-owned enterprises and transformation of the supervision system for state-owned assets)as well as concept discrimination,theoretical speculation and academic consensus in relation to contribution by private capital,"mixed ownership economy" and "shareholding economy" in the academic world are combed and investigated,and the system design thought concerning integrative development of state-owned enterprises and market economy is explored in the Guiding Ideas on Deepening the Reform of State-owned Enterprises(hereinafter referred to as "143" planning),Opinions on State-owned Enterprises Developing Mixed Ownership Economy and Three-year Action Plan for State-owned Enterprise Reform(2020-2022);Finally,from the perspective of theoretical review,the stage characteristics of thoughts on shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises in terms of content,subject and evolution trend in the stage are summarized and the economic performance review and analysis are performed.The fifth chapter is the conclusion part.The overall evolution track and development process of the thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese stateowned enterprises since reform and opening up are expounded emphatically,the evolution mechanism and logical clue of thoughts are combed and the theoretical innovation of shareholding system reform thought of Chinese state-owned enterprises is further explored on this basis pursuant to Marxist theory of shareholding system and western theory of property rights to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for the prospect of tackling a difficult problem for the shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises in the new period.The main conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:(1)The thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises have gone through three stages: incubation,development and deepening since reform and opening up,and different theoretical characteristics(including "focusing on promoting pilot enterprise reform","straightening out the relationship of firm property rights as the core" and "realizing the diversification of subjects of enterprise property rights as the core")arise in each stage;(2)How to correctly understand and deal with the relationship between government and enterprises is the logical clue for the evolution of thoughts on shareholding system reform in Chinese state-owned enterprises since reform and opening up.The reasons are as follows.On one hand,the function of government and enterprise is imbalanced with maladjustment of extend of competence in the stateowned enterprise,which is the motive power for state-owned enterprises to carry out shareholding system reform;on the other hand,the understanding and adjustment of the relationship between the government and enterprises by the party and the country directly determine the intensity and speed of shareholding system reform in state-owned enterprises;(3)The main innovations of shareholding system reform in Chinese stateowned enterprises since reform and opening up are summarized from four aspects(including reform concept,reform mode,corporate governance structure of state-owned enterprises and government function)and the new breakthroughs made by China since reform and opening up based on learning from and absorbing the economic theories and reform experience of the Soviet Union and western developed countries(namely abandoning the traditional economic concept of socialist public ownership failing to be combined with market economy mechanism,taking the road of public economy and non-public economy developing in harmony,use of gradual reformation,gradually forming the "Chinese model" with unique characteristics,establishing and improving a three-layer principal-agent mechanism that emphasizes two-way internal and external supervision,structure of property rights developing towards diversification,correctly understanding and giving play to the key role of the government in the reform of stateowned enterprises and actively exploring the transformation of government’s economic functions)are substantially displayed. |
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