Research On Political And Educational Thought In Guan Zi Of Qunshu Zhiyao

Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao is the 32nd volume of Qunshu Zhiyao,a classic book of the early Tang Dynasty.It is a text of 20 chapters and about 8,000 characters excerpted from the 86 chapters and about 127,000 charactersof Guan Zi.Wei Zheng clearly explained the compilation procedure of Qunshu Zhiyao in the preface.The principle of the excerpt of the original classics was "keeping the original style",and the method of deleting was "choosing the essence and remove the details".It can be seen that the particularity of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao is always based on the comparison with the original classics.Therefore,the study of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao should carry out a comparative study on the basis of a full understanding of the line of logic of Guan Zi,so as to clarify the special meaning of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao and understand the intention of the compiler.At the same time,with the help of the research perspective of comparison between Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao and Guan Zi,discussing the inheritance and evolution of the political and educational thought of Guan Zi in Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao,it is helpful to explore the common understanding of the core issue of the "constant" political and educational thought of the rulers and the practice path of the "alterability" political and educational policies in different times.In the line of logic of political and educational thought of Guan Zi,it first explains the concept of "Tao",holding that Tao endows all things with innate ability beyond the physical form,and becomes the ultimate explanation of the logic of all things.In Guan Zi,the mapping of Tao in human nature is called xinxing,which is the basis of human innate virtue;People’s desire for material sustenance is called qingxing,and Guan Zi thinks that the overplay of qingxing will impair xinxing and the original senseability of human and Tao.Therefore,while satisfying the basic needs of qingxing,political affairs should be guided by moral education and return to human nature.In the political and educational formula of Guan Zi,it holds that the "four dimensions" of propriety,righteousness,honest and clean and shame as the fundamental moral aim to maintain the order of the human world.Therefore,it takes the four dimensions as the spiritual program of moral education,and constructs the system planning of moral education,such as "dividing the nation into different organizational segments","incorporating military orders into internal administration","separating the four peoples",and regarded the measures of rule of law and promoting agriculture as "tools of education".Guan Zi regards the goal of politics and moral education as "harmony and unity" with the metaphorical thinking of the body,that is,the harmonious unity of the monarch,the minister and the people,just like the human body,is achieved under the common moral understanding.In short,Guan Zi starts from the theory of Tao,carries out its political and educational strategy on the basis of philosophy and political logic,and constructs a clear ideological system of political and educational thought.On the basis of political and educational thought ideological system of Guan Zi,Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao shows a specific value orientation through editing.Through the study of the different chapters,the editing methods of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao can be summarized into six aspects:"narrating a general outline,only deleting but not adding","programing and maintaining a clear order","focusing on the practicability and talking less about metaphysics","focusing on poltical affairs and retaining fundamental discourse","fluent in writing,strive to be concise",and "quoting both literary quotations and principles and reiterating them repeatedly".The excerpt of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao has a high degree of agreement with the political and educational thought system of Guan Zi and inherits the core of political and educational thought of Guan Zi.Its connotation can be summarized as "The monarch’s moral view of governing the country with justice","the view of virtuous ministers assisting the monarch with virtue and righteousness",and "the theory of politics must conform to the opinions of the people".Compared with Guan Zi,which has its clear political and educational thought ideological system.Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao deleted almost all the Tao theory and political and educational planning such as "separating the four peoples" in Guan Zi through deliberate design by the compiler,to a certain extent caused the "deficiency"of theoretical basis and educational procedures.Through research,each volume of Qunshu Zhiyao is related to each other,showing a systematic narrative tendency.Qunshu Zhiyao constructed a political and educational discourse system through the linkage of classics,history and philosophy.Therefore,Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao,as one of the links of Qunshu Zhiyao system,should be placed in the political and educational network of Qunshu Zhiyao,exploring the supplementary relation of the remaining volumes to the political and educational thought of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao,and then Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao can be comprehensively interpreted.Combined with the supplement of other volumes of Qunshu Zhiyao,compared with Guan Zi,which mainly discusses the body of Tao,Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao pays more attention to the value guidance revealed by Tao,holds that politics and education is the common way to govern the world,and always carry out the people-oriented care in its political and educational plans.Moreover,compared with Guan Zi,which advocates the "separating the four peoples" and lays emphasis on the regularizing effect of system guidance in moral education,Qunshu Zhiyao pays more attention to the ethical life,considers filial piety as the root of all virtues,and constructs the political and educational program that guides people’s qing and xing through the education of rites and music.At the same time,the text appearance and internal logic of the remaining text of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao are also changed by the compiler.Since then,the overall meaning of Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao has evolved compared with Guan Zi,showing the ideological tendency of virtue,Confucianism and peopleoriented.The succession and evolution relationship between Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao and Guan Zi should be interpreted in the context of specific times.During the reign of Guan Zhong,many vassals did not respect Zhou and invaded each other without ceasing.In the face of the dilemma of that times,Guan Zhong wanted to do it quickly,so he emphasized regulation and simplicity,and wanted to make politics and education have a considerable scale in a relatively short time.At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty,politicians were worried about the hardships of the people’s livelihood.At the same time,Confucianism flourished.Therefore,those politicians attached importance to ethic and people-oriented,and wanted to hold the filial piety to guide the people’s ethical life and have permanent governance.In terms of the similarity between Guan Zi and Guan Zi of Qunshu Zhiyao,both of them think that political and educational thought emphasizes the monarch’s morality in the first,the second to choose the virtuous ministers and guide the people’s customs,to conform to the opinions of the people,and advocate the rule of law,agricultural development and other measures as auxiliary education.Traditional political and educational thought still has its realistic significance in contemporary society.Inheriting and developing the political and educational tradition is beneficial to cultivating cultural consciousness and improving social moral situation.To draw lessons from the traditional political and educational thought.Firstly,we should condense the cultural consciousness of respecting morality and emphasizing education in the governing body and pay attention to the moral level of the leading cadres themselves.Secondly,the content of moral education that is close to people’s life and can educate people and improve custom should be formulated.Thirdly,we should build a linkage system of moral education among family,school and society to form a stable field domain of moral education.Finally,the value guidance and guarantee function of policies and regulations should be strengthened.