| This paper focuses on the genetic relationship and quantitative analysis of Gaoshanzu languages.To clarify the relationship and evolutionary history of Gaoshan languages in Taiwan is not only conducive to a correct,objective and rational understanding of the linguistic characteristics of Austronesian and the origin and diffusion of Austronesian in South China of the Asian,but also to provide reliable and effective linguistic evidence for other subjects.It is also the basis for the comparative study of Austronesian in Taiwan and other Austronesian languages as well as external languages.Firstly,this paper introduces the basic features of Gaoshanzu languages,and describes in detail the geographical distribution of Gaoshanzu languages and the clustering relations of the sub-dialects,especially the extinct languages of the so-called Pingpu people,which enables readers to obtain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the diversity and complexity of Gaoshanzu languages.Secondly,in order to better test the applicability and interpretability of language evolution model,this paper reviews the theories and methods of language classification research,and expounds the feasibility and operability of quantitative statistical analysis method combined with phylogenetic evolution model generation theory and methods in language classification.On this basis,the materials that can be used to construct evolution model of Gaoshanzu languages.Specifically,from the perspective of mathematical classification of language,this paper collates the basic vocabulary list of Gaoshanzu languages compiled by CPI,the competent department of ethnic affairs in Taiwan Province,together with Pazih.with the modified Swadesh 100 words as the statistical object and on the basis of the classical classification research of predecessors and scholars,the homologous morphemes of Gaoshanzu languages are sorted out and summarized,and the similarity matrix of homologous words between two languages/dialects of Gaoshanzu languages is calculated.In addition,from a multi-dimensional perspective,this paper also reviews the origins and diffusion hypotheses of the Austronesian,from the perspectives of linguistics,archaeology and other disciplines.A group of basic words with kinship relationship between the Austronesian and the Thai-Kadai language are reconfirmed by taking the Tsat of Sanya,Hainan Province.The evolution network of this paper shows that Gaoshanzu languages can be composed of four language branches,which constitute the different levels of relations of Gaoshanzu languages in the long evolutionary history.Besides Yami,these four branches are:the first includes Atayal,Seediq,Pazih,Saisiyat and Thao;The second includes Tsou,Kanakanavu,Hla’alua and Rukai;The third includes Amis,Kuvalan and Bunun;The fourth includes Paiwan and Puyuma.In terms of methods,this paper introduces the theory and method of phylogeny into the classification of Gaoshanzu languages,to demonstrate the evolutionary history of Gaoshanzu languages.At the same time,the classification results of previous scholars are verified.this paper uses the mathematical classification method to study and analyze the relationship between Gaoshanzu languages and its sublanguages,which is the first attempt and exploration by scholars in mainland China.At the same time,this paper also recognizes that classification is a means of scientific understanding of things,and the purpose of classification research is to enable readers to better understand the real and objective history of Gaoshanzu languages itself.Therefore,when learning and referring to theories,methods and research results of other disciplines,the particularity of Gaoshanzu languages itself determines that we should not blindly follow the trend,but analyze specific problems.No single research method can solve all differences and disputes once and for all.The differences caused by different research methods and materials only reflect different aspects of the historical information of the thing itself. |
