| The phylogenetic classification of Ge language in Fengxiang has been divided into the Chongan River sub-dialect of the Chuan-Qian-Dian dialect of Hmong by The Reconstruction of Proto-Hmong-Mien Pronunciation(《苗瑶语古音构拟)(Fushi,Wang(王辅世)&Zongwu，Mao（毛宗武),1995).Its approach adopted on shared innovation is the only generally accepted criterion for the phylogenetic subgrouping.Nevertheless,while the shared innovation is used to determine the the phylogenetic relationship,it is difficult to rule out the borrowing and parallel evolution based on linguistic typology as well as the conflict among multiple linguistic features,which it has not been effectively solved so far.Since the traditionally qualitative method has its subjective limitation,and whether the phylogenetic relationship between Ge language in Fengxiang and other Hmong-Mien languages can be reflected authentically and objectively or not.Given that,this study will make a challenge to the classical conclusion of The Reconstruction of Proto-Hmong-Mien Pronunciation.Then we focus on the problem toward what the phylogenetic position on the Ge of Fengxiang in Hmong-Mien languages is as a breakthrough point.After that,in order to objectively describe the history of Fengxiang Ge evolution,the evolution network theory and the evolution reconstruction method Introduced from Evolutionary Biology is applied to the study of The phylogenetic classification on Fengxiang Ge,and the quantitative research approaches between Etymology Statistics and NeighborNet are employed to solve the phylogenetic status of Fengxiang Ge on the basis of Probability Statistics.Specifically,based on the six shared innovation in pronunciation,Fengxiang Ge has been divided into the Chongan River sub-dialect of the Chuan-Qian-Dian dialect of Hmong.So we first reconstruct the phonetic and lexical system of Fengxiang Ge,and make an empirical test on the six phonetic features,which is on the basis of the first-hand field materials of Fengxiang Ge by ourselves.Then from the perspective of linguistic typology,the comparision and analysis results according to grammatical typology characteristics between Ge in Fengxiang and other Hmong-Mien languages demonstrate that Fengxiang Ge belongs to one of languages of the Hmong branch and has a far typological distance from other languages of the Mien branch.After that,we reconstruct the phylogenetic network on Fengxiang Ge by applying the NeighborNet method and then reconstruct the Hmong-Mien family tree model based on Neighbor-joining algorithm.Finally,through comparing with the two phylogenetic model results,we come to an unanimous conclusion that Fengxiang Ge is an independent language in the Hmong branch and is not the Chongan River sub-dialect of the Chuan-Qian-Dian dialect of Hmong.In this study,based on the methods between mathematical statistics and experimental phonetics,we find for the first time that Fengxiang Ge is considered as containing breathy voice(slack voice)and it has value for phonemes in Ge phonology.Furthermore,from the three aspects of phonetics,lexicon and syntax,we not only make an comprehensive description and research on Fengxiang Ge,but also make up the material gap for it.Meanwhile,compared to the previous scholastic conclusion on Fengxiang Ge with six tone category,this study first find that the tone system of it contains seven tone category.Since Fengxiang Ge is one of the endangered languages,to describe and analyse for it has an important significance and value on the study. |
