| Along with the developing custom of celebrating longevity in China,the painting of celebrating longevity came into being.As a kind of birthday presents,it has the function of conveying the blessing of longevity,and its categories are very rich.According to different themes,it can be divided into painting of flowers and birds,figures and landscapes.Landscape paintings emerged late,but during the formation,they have become the major paintings that painters are keen on.Their strong inclusiveness and rich cultural connotation make them different from paintings of flowers,birds or figures.The landscape paintings include all kinds of elements and symbols in the images,as well as expressive techniques such as composition,brush,ink and color,as well as procedural rules based on these external contents and techniques,and the role of each element symbol in the picture,such as creating artistic conception,pointing out the theme and expressing the painter’s inner feelings.As the external aspect of landscape paintings,schema is the key to explore the deep meaning behind the image.Hence,the research of landscape paintings should avoid being superficial,and dig deep into the basis of the schema evolution to carry out more in-depth and comprehensive analysis,exploring the complex system of philosophies and values in landscape paintings,thus highlighting its unique value in the history of Chinese painting.According to the multi-level characteristics of landscape paintings,this paper discusses the evolution and connotation of their schemata from four aspects:First of all,it summarizes the ancient paintings celebrating longevity which is closely related to the landscape paintings,and introduces the ancient Chinese birthday celebration activities,including the historical development of the birthday celebration customs,poems,songs and dances,birthday paintings,etc.,from which it advances to the detailed statement of the landscape paintings and their schematics.Secondly,taking timeline into consideration,this paper makes a longitudinal analysis of the schemata of landscape paintings,and summarizes their characteristics in Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,so as to explore the rules of schemata evolution in a better way.Again,starting with the performance and techniques of landscape painting,thispaper has a horizontal analysis of its schema,which summarizes factors like landscapes,figures,animals,architecture.The landscapes can be classified as heavenly mountains,seclusive landscapes and real sceneries.And there are immortal beings,people with a long life and historical figures in these paintings,and there are also horses,cranes,deer and eagles.At the same time,this paper will talk about the inheritance and innovation reflected by the painting rules,ink and color,which makes the study of landscape paintings more specific and in-depth.Finally,based on the research of schema,this paper also digs into the social psychology and traditional folk culture,Confucianism,Taoism and Zen thoughts,and also states the artistic value and social and cultural value of landscape painting,in which the author hopes to contribute to the research of paintings which celebrate longevity,and helps people to have a better understanding of landscape paintings,thus promoting its development. |
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