| Exercise positive experience refers to the arousal of individual positive physical and mental feelings by short-term(single)or long-term(multiple)physical exercise.Guiding students to enjoy positive exercise experience is the logical starting point of strengthening their physique,improving their personality and tempering their will.Paying attention to the positive experience of exercise is beneficial to the theoretical extension of positive emotion expansion theory,emotional motivation theory and other theories in the field of physical exercise,and to clarify the internal mechanism of exercise to improve mental health.At the same time,positive experience of exercise can also be an important indicator to measure college students’ mental health.This study will systematically explore the psychological structure of exercise positive experiences,their effects on depression,and their mechanisms.This thesis consists of three studies and ten sub studies.The purpose of Study 1 was to explore the structure of positive experience of exercise,and to develop the Positive Experience of Exercise Scale.Research 1a used a qualitative research method to select 27 college students who participated in different exercise programs.The results showed that: Positive experience of exercise was divided into positive experience during exercise and positive experience after exercise.The results showed that the positive experience during exercise included cognitive experience,emotional experience,will experience and interpersonal experience,and the positive experience after exercise included cognitive experience,emotional experience and interpersonal experience.Research 1b developed the "Positive Experience in Exercise Scale " and " Post-exercise Positive Experience Scale " based on Research 1a.The results showed that:(1)The Positive Experience in Exercise Scale consisted of 18 items,including cognitive experience,emotional experience,will experience and interpersonal experience;The Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale consists of 9items,including cognitive experience,emotional experience and interpersonal experience;(2)The structure fitting indexs of the Positive Experience in Exercise Scale were appropriate,its Cronbach a coefficient was 0.95,the Test-retest reliability was 0.77,the correlation value with the Physical Activity Pleasure Scale as the criterion was 0.55,the correlation value with the positive wellbeing dimension in the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale as the criterion was 0.59,the correlation value with the psychological distress dimension as the criterion was-0.28,and the correlation value with the fatigue dimension as the criterion was-0.19;(3)The structure fitting indexs of the PostExercise Positive Experience Scale were appropriate,its Cronbach a coefficient was 0.92,the Testretest reliability was 0.83,the correlation value with the Physical Activity Pleasure Scale as the criterion was 0.53,the correlation value with the positive well-being dimension in the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale as the criterion was 0.61,the correlation value with the psychological distress dimension as the criterion was-0.25,and the correlation value with the fatigue dimension as the criterion was-0.17.Study 2 was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of positive experience in exercise on depression.Research 2a was aimed to explore the effect of positive experience in exercise on depression by using the empirical sampling method.College students(n=88)were investigated for 15 days,and the relationship between them was explored by using a Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM).The results showed that positive experience during exercise could significantly predict the depression level of individuals.Research 2b was aimed to explore the chain mediating effect of mindfulness and physical selfesteem on positive experience during exercise and depression.The subjects were 522 college students from five universities in Hebei,Shandong,Fujian,and Sichuan provinces,and the datas were collected by using the Positive Experience Scale in Exercise,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,and Self-rating Depression Scale.The results showed that the three indirect effects were significant,The effect amount of the three mediation paths was 40.48%,21.43%and 2.4% respectively,and the total mediation effect amount was 64.31%.Research 2c was aimed to explore the moderating effect of emotional regulation on research 2b.The subjects were 569 college students from five universities in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Shandong,and Hainan provinces,and the datas were collected by using the Positive Experience in Exercise Scale,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,Emotional Regulation Scale,and Self-rating Depression Scale,The results showed that emotional regulation had a significant moderating effect between positive experience during exercise and mindfulness during exercise,while emotional regulation had no significant moderating effect between positive experience during exercise and physical self-esteem during exercise.Research 2d was aimed to explore the moderating effect of perseverance on research 2b.The subjects were 533 college students from 5 universities in Sichuan,Henan,Shandong,and Hebei provinces,and the datas were collected by using the Positive Experience Scale in Exercise,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,Student Perseverance Scale,and Self-Rating Depression Scale.The results showed that perseverance had a significant moderating effect between mindfulness and physical self-esteem.Study 3 was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of positive experience after exercise on depression.Research 3a was aimed to explore the effect of positive experience after exercise on depression.A 5-month follow-up survey was conducted on 403 college students by using the Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale.The results showed that the positive experience after exercise in T1 could significantly predict the depression in T2;Depression in T1 can not predict the positive experience after exercise in T2.Research 3b was aimed to explore the chain mediating role of mindfulness and physical selfesteem on the positive experience after exercise and depression.Subjects were the same as Research2 b,and the datas were collected by using the Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,and Self-rating Depression Scale.The results showed that the three indirect effects were significant,The effect amount of the three mediation paths was 44.74%,26.32% and 2.63% respectively,and the total mediation effect amount was 73.69%.Research 3c was aimed to explored the moderating effect of emotional regulation on research3 b.Subjects were the same as Research 2c,and the data were collected by using the Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,Emotional Regulation Scale,and Self-rating Depression Scale,The results showed that the moderating effect of emotional regulation between positive experience after exercise and mindfulness was significant,while the moderating effect of emotional regulation between positive experience after exercise and physical self-esteem was not significant.Research 3d was aimed to explore the moderating effect of perseverance on research 3b.Subjects were the same as Research 2d,and the data were collected by using the Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale,Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,Physical Self-esteem Scale,Student Perseverance Scale,and Self-Rating Depression Scale.The results showed that perseverance had a significant moderating effect between mindfulness and physical self-esteem.Under the conditions of this study,the following conclusions can be obtained:(1)Positive experience of exercise includes positive experience during exercise and positive experience after exercise.The former includes cognitive experience,emotional experience,will experience and interpersonal experience,while the latter includes cognitive experience,emotional experience and interpersonal experience.(2)Positive Experience Scale in Exercise and Post-Exercise Positive Experience Scale are in line with the requirements of psychometrics.(3)Exercise positive experience negatively predicts depression.(4)Mindfulness and physical self-esteem play a chain mediating role between exercise positive experience and depression.(5)Emotional regulation and perseverance can regulate the chain mediation between positive experience of exercise and depression.Therefore,exercise positive experience can improve depression.Mindfulness and physical selfesteem play a chain intermediary role between the two,improve emotional regulation and perseverance,and promote the improvement of exercise positive experience on depression. |
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