Development Of College Students’ Group Loneliness Scale And The Application In A Medical University

Objective:1.Compiling the scale of group loneliness to provide a tool for measuring group loneliness of college students;2.In this study,a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in a medical college of Ganzhou to understand the current situation of group loneliness of college students,analyze the main influencing factors,and put forward corresponding strategies.It provides empirical research evidence for group loneliness of college students in Gannan area,theoretical basis for intervention of group loneliness of college students,and theoretical materials for families,schools and clinical prevention or intervention of group loneliness of college students.Methods:1.Develop the scale of group loneliness.Through theoretical research and group discussion,the initial item pool was formed.After two rounds of expert letters,the results of the letters were statistically analyzed.According to the statistical results,the items in the scale were revised and the initial scale of college students’group loneliness was formed.Students from five classes in a medical college in southern Jiangxi were randomly selected for pre-investigation,and 302 questionnaires were valid.The reliability and validity of the scale were tested,and the items in the scale were screened and revised again to form the final scale.2.Investigation of college students’group loneliness and analysis of its influencing factors.Using random cluster sampling method,the college students in a medical college in Ganzhou city were selected as the research objects to conduct an offline questionnaire survey,which was clearly explained to the respondents before the survey began and fully obtained their informed consent and cooperation.Distribute,fill in and retrieve the questionnaire on the spot,and check and supplement it when retrieving the questionnaire to prevent problems such as missing the questionnaire.14 classes of freshmen,14classes of sophomores,20 classes of juniors and 6 classes of seniors were selected,and 2222 valid questionnaires were collected.The contents of the questionnaire survey include socio-demographic data(gender,grade,only child,parents’educational level,place of origin,experience of staying behind),general situation of social media use(frequently used social media,time spent on social media,reasons for using social media,influence of social media)and group loneliness.3.Data processing and analysis.The collected questionnaires were entered with Epidata3.1,and the data were sorted and analyzed with Excel 2016,SPSS26.0 and Amos24.0.The measurement data were expressed by(?)±S,and the comparison between groups was made by two independent samples t-test or one-way ANOVA.Taking the total score of group loneliness as the dependent variable,and taking gender,grade,only child,father’s educational level,mother’s educational level,student’s place of origin,left-behind experience and average daily social media use time as the independent variables,the single factor analysis was carried out.The statistically significant independent variables in univariate analysis were included in multivariate linear regression analysis.All statistical tests were bilateral,P<0.05 showed that the difference was statistically significant.Results:1.Expert consultation resultsIn the two rounds of letters and inquiries,the positive coefficient of experts were 100%;The expert authority coefficient of the first round of correspondence was 0.85,and that of the second round was0.84.In the first round of coordination of expert opinions,the coefficient of variation(CV)of items 9and 10 was greater than 0.3,while the coefficient of variation of other items were less than 0.3,and the average was greater than 3.5.Kendall’s W=0.246,P<0.05;Item correlation Kendall’s W=0.277,P<0.001.In the second round of expert opinion coordination,the coefficient of variation of each item was less than 0.3,the average was greater than or equal to 3.5,and Kendall’s W=0.193,P<0.05;Item correlation Kendall’s W=0.197,P<0.05.2.Results of item reliability and validityThe content validity I-CVI was between 0.75 and 1.00,and the S-CVI was 0.93,so it can be considered that the scale had good content validity.Before factor analysis,KMO and bartlett spherical test were performed.The analysis results show that KMO was 0.898,and Bartlett’s spherical test P<0.001.In exploratory factor analysis,the principal component analysis method was used to extract the factors with characteristic roots greater than 1,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.737%.Each item is clearly distributed on four common factors,which basically met the requirements.In confirmatory factor analysis,the fitting indexes were:χ~2/df=7.575,P<0.001,GFI=0.931,CFI=0.909,IFI=0.909,TLI=0.896,RMSEA=0.054,and the fitting situation was good.After analysis,it was clear that there were 24 items in the group loneliness scale:7 items of social media dependence,7 items of realistic social situation,6 items of social media choice tendency and 4 items of realistic emotional experience.Cronbach’sαof the total table was 0.895,and Cronbach’sαof the four dimensions were 0.898,0861,0.794 and 0.765respectively.3.Investigation and analysis of influencing factors of college students’group lonelinessAccording to the survey data of 2222 medical students,the total score of group loneliness was62.69±11.77,and the scores of four dimensions were:social media dependence was 17.42±5.46respectively.The actual social situation was 17.38±5.15;Social media choice tendency was 17.84±3.63;The actual emotional experience was 10.04±2.73.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in scores of group loneliness among different genders,grades,left-behind experience and average daily social media use(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in scores of group loneliness among college students with only child,parents’educational level and different places of origin..The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that male college students(B=1.706,P=0.001),having left-behind experience(B=1.060,P=0.034)and using social media for more than 6 hours every day(B=1.788,P<0.001)were the risk factors of group loneliness.Conclusion:1.The group loneliness questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and can be used to measure the group loneliness of college students.2.The main risk factors of college students’group loneliness are male college students,having left-behind experience and using social media for more than 6 hours every day on average.