| Background of the study:Based on the four problems of the current study of the NanJing,we propose the key research directions of this study.The nature of Nangjing is considered by most scholars to be a work that expounds the many doubts of Huangdi Neijing,and it is difficult to break through the theoretical system of Huangdi Neijing in terms of academic ideas and treatment techniques.The fact that the book proposes new doctrines such as "Yuan Qi-San Jiao-Life Gate" and the development of the new viewpoint and new technique of "taking the pulse alone" from the "Huang Di Nei Jing" method of diagnosis suggests that the nature of the book should no longer be defined as a "work of interpretation"."2.In the history of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion scholarship2.In the context of the history of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion,we know that the ancient people discovered medical phenomena and treatment rules through the dual practice of the twelve meridians and the method of pulse diagnosis,and derived corresponding theoretical explanations,formed the concept of"meridians",formed and developed the "meridian body circulation line The concept of "meridians" was developed,the "meridian circulation lines" were formed and developed,and the"meridian disease symptoms" were summarized,thus forming the framework of the "meridian theory" through systematic processing.The "Difficult Classic" has greatly changed the basis of pulse diagnosis practice by taking only the pulse at the mouth of the inch,and accordingly,it will also lead to changes in the basic theory of medicine and treatment theory.Should the field of study of the"Difficult Classic" not be limited to the theoretical system of the "Yellow Emperor’s Internal Canon",but should be studied with a dynamic vision of development from the height of the academic history of acupuncture and moxibustion?The study of the "Difficult Classic" has been elaborated in various parts,including diagnosis,meridians,internal organs,diseases,acupuncture treatment rules,treatment methods,acupuncture points,and techniques,and its theoretical system from diagnosis to treatment is complete.However,most of the previous studies on the"Difficult Classic" have divided its parts into separate topics,and even thought that the volume of the "Difficult Classic" cannot support the framework of the theoretical system,but there are few comprehensive studies on the relationship between the theories within the "Difficult Classic",and whether the "Difficult Classic" can constitute a framework for diagnosis and treatment has not been clearly explored.The framework theory,as a new approach of modern cognitive psychology emphasizing integration and systematization,has recently been introduced into TCM literature and theory research:its theoretical focus is on the occurrence and historical evolution of TCM concepts and categories,the interpretation of connotation and extension of concepts,the structure of the framework of TCM basic theory system,and the systematic organization of TCM applied theories.This study is based on the theories of the first Qin and the second Han dynasties.This study is based on the academic background of medicine in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,and is not confined to the theoretical system of the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine,but combines the research method of framework theory in an attempt to sort out the framework of the theoretical system of diagnosis and treatment in the Classic of Difficulties.The study aims to identify the core logic and academic ideas that run through the entire text of the Nangjing,and to clarify whether the theory of the Nangjing diagnosis and treatment system is only a collection of academic views in different parts or whether there is a logical and clear framework of the diagnosis and treatment structure.Research purpose:The purpose of this study is to construct a theoretical system of treatment in the Book of Difficult Questions based on the framework theory research method.Research methods:Classical literature and textual methods:including revision,textual comparison,and documentary editing of the Nangjing and its texts by cataloguing,edition,and proofreading,etc.,which are used to analyze the language,syntax,and structure of the Nangjing and its related documents to understand its chapter structure and logical structure,etc.;cognitive linguistic methods:including frame analysis,literacy analysis,semantic analysis,and frame construction,etc.,which are used to explore the framework of the Nangjing.for exploring the concepts,categories,conceptual relationships,principles and inter-judgmental relationships in the Nangjing.The research content:By using the literature research method to review the literature related to the framework theory,the study of the Book of Difficulties,and the background of medicine in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,we understand the current situation,research results,and problems of domestic and foreign scholars in the construction of the theoretical system of diagnosis and treatment in the Book of Difficulties,and the preliminary research basis of this study.In addition,we will try to construct a framework model for the theoretical system of diagnosis and treatment in the book by analyzing the internal logical relationship and systematization of diagnosis and treatment theories in the book and by classifying,ranking and grading the concepts in the book and analyzing the relationship between them.The characteristics and possible theoretical sources of the diagnosis and treatment theoretical system of the Difficult Classic are explored in comparison with other medical treatment systems.The first part of the study aims to outline the view of life,including the view of the body and the view of disease,in the Nangjing as a whole,and to provide a background context for the construction of the diagnosis and treatment theory.The first part is the bottom part of the origin,which consists of three layers hidden in the lower part of the body,inside and outside,like seeds waiting to germinate.The first part is the bottom part of the origin,which is composed of the seed-like concept system of the vital gates hidden in the lower part of the body,called the "root in the vital gates" concept of the seed state of the form and spirit of the origin.The core concepts of the "root in the vital gate" view of the body are the vital gate,the spirit,the essence,the original qi,the cell,and the dynamic qi between the kidneys,all five of which are related to the original qi by the concepts of "life" and "reproduction,"and are the foundation concepts.They are the basic concepts.These six concepts form a "seed"-like structural system wrapped in three layers from the inside out:the innermost layer is the vital gate,Shen and Jing,the middle layer is the place where men hide their Jing and women’s cells,and the outermost layer is the interkinetic Qi of the kidneys and the original Qi it generates.The Life Gate is the beginning of life,and Shen and Jing are the two tangible and intangible aspects of life that are inseparable.From this,the innate Jing and Shen give rise to the essence of reproduction and ensure the power of reproduction and growth of life,while the outermost layer,the dynamic Qi between the kidneys,beats incessantly and gives rise to the original Qi that promotes the functions of the internal organs,meridians,forms and orifices,just like a seed breaking through the soil and waiting to sprout to become a great tree.The first and second parts are connected to the middle part by the most superficial inter-kidney dynamic qi and the original qi,which are like green shoots with the qi of growth and development;the second part is the "root-stem-leaf" view of the original qi tree-like interconnection of the internal organs and forms.The core concept of this view is the original qi,and the eleven concepts of Sanjiao,internal organs,meridians,Ying qi,Wei qi,skin,muscles,tendons and bones,Yu of internal organs,transmission points and original points are all connected to the concept of original qi by the relationship between the transformation and flow of original qi in various parts of the human body,which is the basic concept.This group of 32 concepts constitutes a longitudinal part of the stem network,where the original qi continues upward through the Sanjiao mesh pipeline system to form a vertical circle of five internal organs,in which the internal organs flow with the relationship of the five elements,and at the same time the five evils are nested in a flat circle of the five internal organs to form a state of disease in constant motion;the third part is the part of the body that leads to the surface of the body,where the internal organs are connected to the twelve meridians system through the membrane.The internal organs are connected to the twelve meridians through the membrane,and the internal organs are connected to the twelve meridians system.The theoretical structure is a concentric circle,with the five elements of wood,fire,earth,gold and water forming the core circle,and with the five organs as the starting point,according to The five external evil injuries of "stroke,heat stroke,fatigue,cold,and dampness" are classified,and then it is determined whether they belong to the five external evil fixed direct injury of the five internal organs or to the transmission from other internal organs,and if they belong to the five evil injuries,they are determined according to the direction of transmission of the evil attack in the five internal organs as "deficiency evil","real evil","thief evil","micro-evil"," positive evil".The results of Study 2 revealed that the framework of the diagnostic theoretical system of the "Difficult Classic" was divided into four major categories of elements:diagnostic objectives,diagnostic principles,diagnostic methods,and the diagnostic framework of the five organ diseases.The.diagnostic objectives are divided into the first diagnosis of "the disease of the organs and the disease of the internal organs",the second diagnosis of "the deficiency of the organs where the disease is located",the second diagnosis of "the five evils of the disease and the transmission of the disease",and the final diagnosis of The final diagnosis is "consistency of color and pulse" to determine the four elements of death and life prognosis.The diagnostic principles are divided into two types of elements:internal and external evidence,examination of"evil and positive" causes of disease,and the combination of deficiency and actuality.The diagnostic methods are divided into four categories of elements:looking at the color,smelling the sound,asking the taste,and cutting the pulse,and under cutting the pulse,they are further divided into two subcategories:taking the pulse from the inch mouth alone and the periumbilical artery.The diagnostic framework of the five organs is divided into five categories:liver,heart,spleen,lung,and kidney,and each organ is divided into two subcategories:"Self-disease of the main channels" and "Injury caused by five evils".The external evidence includes information on color,sound,taste and pulse of the inch mouth,while the internal evidence is information on palpation of the arteries around the umbilicus;the injuries caused by the five evils are classified into information on clinical manifestations of the "five evils" according to color,odor,sound,taste and body fluids.The diagnostic theoretical framework of the"Difficult Classic" is characterized by the core of the Five Organs,and the diagnosis focuses on the deficiency of the Five Organs and the transmission between the Five Organs,so as to determine the curability of death and life.Under the theoretical framework of diagnosis,the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theories horizontally integrate the color,smell and pulse diagnosis methods,specifically,the Yin-Yang theory model is used to position the pulse floating and sinking and the size of the Yin-Yang;the Five Elements theory model is used to divide the left and right hand inch mouths into the inch-guan-rule and correspond to the corresponding Five Organs in the order of phase birth;the Five Elements theory is used to correspond the Five Organs to the five categories of color,odor,taste,sound and body fluids,and then from each category,continue to The Five Elements theory is used to divide the Five Viscera into five zones,each zone corresponding to an organ.The diagnosis and treatment theory of "Nangjing" is based on the unique pulse diagnosis method of the inch mouth,the pulse diagnosis method of the umbilical region,the color diagnosis,and the sound diagnosis to determine the location of the disease and the deficiency of the five organs,which is quite characteristic of the theory of "cutting the pulse,looking at the color,listening to the sound,and writing the shape to tell the location of the disease".The results of the study revealed that the theoretical framework of the treatment system of the Nangjing is divided into four parts:the treatment rules,the selection of Yu points,the stabbing techniques,and the treatment framework of the five organs.The first part of the treatment rules is divided into two categories:"regulating Yin and Yang with Ying and Wei" and "deficiency tonifying the mother and actual dipping the son".The second part is divided into the rules of complementary and diarrheal points and the internal organs points,and the internal organs points are divided into the abdominal points,the back points,the five inferior points,and the original points.The third part is divided into the entry acupuncture technique,the attainment of qi and diarrhea technique,and the exit acupuncture technique.The theoretical framework of treatment in the Nangan Jing is characterized by the core of the framework of the five viscera diseases,focusing on the treatment of the deficiency of the five viscera diseases and the supplementation and diarrhea,with reference to the four seasons of acupuncture to respond to the heavenly times.The principles and methods of tonification and diarrhea are guided by the theory of yin and yang and the theory of the five elements,and the principles of tonification and diarrhea are realized from the selection of acupuncture points and acupuncture techniques.The "qi" technique is used to achieve the function of tonicity and diarrhea,and the selection of acupuncture points and the depth of acupuncture are determined with reference to the four seasons.The results of Study 4 revealed that the logical starting point of the theoretical framework of treatment in the Nangjing is the original Qi emanating from the dynamic Qi of the kidney at the Gate of Life.The framework is divided into three main lines,"one vertical and two horizontal" which together run through the key conceptual nodes of diagnosis and treatment and weave the framework network.The longitudinal logical thread running through the diagnosis and treatment theory is to build up the view of life in "Nangjing" from the bottom to the top with an upward view of the original qi coming out from the inside,so as to run through the basic concepts of diagnosis and treatment:vital gate,Sanjiao,internal organs,and 12 meridians,that is,the original qi reaches the internal organs through Sanjiao and is transformed into the qi of internal organs,reaches the 12 meridians and is transformed into the qi of Ying and Wei,and the original qi stays on the surface of the body and reaches the original transmssion of the empty pores.There are two horizontal logical lines running through the diagnosis and treatment theory:the first one is the Yin-Yang theory model,which mainly runs through the diagnosis and treatment of the Ying-Wei Qi at the level of the twelve meridians on the surface of the body;the second one is the Five Elements theory model,which mainly runs through the diagnosis and treatment of the Qi of the five internal organs at the level of the body.The diagnostic goal of "Difficult Classic" is to determine the location of the internal organs and the deficiency of the disease,and the way to determine this is through the diagnosis of the original Qi and the Qi of Ying and Wei in order to presume the location of the disease,and there are two paths for the diagnosis of the original Qi:one,the diagnosis of the pulse movement around the umbilicus in different directions of the umbilicus to wait for the original Qi;the second,the sinking of the pulse movement of the ulnar pulse of the Taiyin inch mouth of the hand to wait for the original Qi;the diagnosis of the Qi of the internal organs of Ying and Wei is mainly to obtain the information of the pulse movement of the Taiyin inch mouth of the hand to integrate color diagnosis,sound,and taste information,The diagnosis of the Qi of the internal organs is mainly to obtain the information of the pulse movement of Taiyin’s inch mouth,integrate color diagnosis,sound diagnosis and taste information of food and drink,and then infer the location of the internal organs where the disease is diagnosed,the relationship between the deficiency of the internal organs and the disease nature,and the prognosis of the internal organs,and then clearly diagnose the location,disease nature,disease status and prognosis of the disease,and then determine the treatment principles such as "if deficient,tonic its mother" and "if solid,diarrhea its son".The treatment points are then determined according to the treatment principles of "if deficient,tonic the mother" and "if actual,diarrhea the son".The treatment method in the "Difficult Classic" is external acupuncture,and the main acupuncture point is the internal organs,which injects the qi of the internal organs upward into the back and abdominal points and downward into the four end and five infusion points,with the qi of the internal organs mainly injected into the original points and the qi of the internal organs mainly injected into the lower healing points.The Wu Fu points,located at the end of the limbs,have the properties of the five elements,and the corresponding Wu Fu points are selected according to the deficiency of the internal organs and the relationship between the five elements,and the corresponding visceral Yu is needled to adjust the deficiency of the internal organs,so as to restore the calmness of the internal Qi,thus achieving the therapeutic purpose.The study concludes that there is an internal subject logic that runs through the diagnosis and treatment theories in the NanJing and the logical starting point is the original qi,which integrates the diagnosis and treatment theories from different periods and sources with "one vertical and two horizontal"logical lines.This study introduces the idea of modern cognitive science framework theory,and uses a combination of comprehensive analysis and theoretical research methods to clarify the conceptual relationship between the diagnosis and treatment of"Difficult Classic",and clarifies the existence of logical and consistent diagnosis and treatment ideas of "Difficult Classic",and illustrates it by means of a framework to show its inner logic in a clearer,more intuitive and clearer way,and to provide traces and theoretical basis for a comprehensive study of the academic origin and background of "Difficult Classic". |
