| Hermeneutics was introduced to our country in the 1970s,and has received extensive attention and research from scholars in philosophy,classics,history and other disciplines.As a characteristic discipline with ancient history in China,traditional Chinese medicine has gradually formed a text interpretation tradition centered on Huang Di Nei Jing in the process of historical development,which including two aspects:text restoration and medical theory interpretation,the former includes annotation,collation,and exegesis;the latter is mainly in the form of exertion,classification,inference,etc.In terms of interpretation,text restoration aims at correcting words and clearing the meaning of text,while medical interpretation focuses on the deduction and interpretation of medical theories.The practical application nature of TCM itself makes the interpretation of TCM classics more clearly embody the characteristics of"understanding advancing with the times" emphasized by philosophical hermeneutics.Medical knowledge and experience acquired by later physicians through clinical practice under new historical conditions in turn demonstrate,revise,perfect or correct the original theory.The purpose of TCM interpretation is not to "understand the work better than the author",but to keep the classics make a difference for contemporary condition in their original meaning.The thesis draws on western hermeneutics theories,combines the unique characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine classics to interpret the literature.It divides the literature research of the Huang Di Nei Jing in the Qing Dynasty into two dimensions:reductive interpretation and creative interpretation.Summarize their characteristics in the interpretation of Huang Di Nei Jing,and analyze the interpretation path from the external environment and internal conditions,that is,to analyze what internal and external conditions have created the "success"or more rational and correct understanding of different scholars in the interpretation of Huang Di Nei Jing,in order to provide a reference for the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine classics and the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine theory in the new era.The study came to the following conclusions:1.The interpretation of the classics of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qing Dynasty shows two characteristics:"respecting the classics" and "doubting the ancients".On the one hand,it is related to the "retro" style of study at that time,and on the other hand,it is a natural presentation of the development of medicine itself in a specific period."Respecting the Classics" is reflected in the systematic proofreading of Huang Di Nei Jing by physicians in the early Qing Dynasty and the exegesis and verification of the provisions of Huang Di Nei Jing by confucians in the late Qing Dynasty,both of which were aimed at "reductive interpretation".The former is represented by Zhang Zhicong’s Su Wen Ji Zhu,Ling Shu Ji Zhu,and Li Zhongzi’s Nei Jing Zhi Yao.Zhang Zhicong and Li Zhongzi both lived in the south of the Yangtze River in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,and both of them came to medicine from Confucianism,thus they respected Huang Di Nei Jing in their interpretation of ideas,showing an attitude of respecting the classical and medical authoritative texts.however,both of them neglected text proofreading,this is because although they are both Confucian doctors,they are engaged in clinical practice,the medical theory is the first in interpretation of medical scriptures.the latter is represented by Zhang Wenhu’s Continuation of Shu Yi Shi:Nei Jing Su Wen,Yu Yue’s Nei Jing Bian Yan,Hu Shu’s Nei Jing Su Wen Jiao Yi,Sun Yirang’s Su Wen Wang Bing Zhu Jiao and Yu Chang’s Xiang Cao Xu Jiao Shu:Nei Jing Su Wen,these scholars have carried out textual research on the Huang Di Nei Jing using the method of exegesis,in order to correct the degenerate characters,restoring the original text of Huang Di Nei Jing,this is mainly related to the academic goal of Qian Jia Textual Studies pursuit of the truth of the text in order to achieve the meaning of the sage.2."Doubting the ancient" is reflected in the breakthrough of medical theory by various scholars of febrile diseases,Wang Qingren and Yu Chang.Its "doubting the ancient" is not "doubting the classics",but a corrective explanation of the medical theory explained by later doctors.The breakthrough development of the theory of febrile diseases in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,on the one hand,was related to the natural environment with frequent epidemics at that time,and the changes in disease spectrum put forward objective requirements for theoretical innovation in medicine;on the other hand,the over-interpretation of Treatise on Febrile Diseases has caused confusion in the clinical dialectical system.Under the combined action of the two above,Guided by Wu Youke’s theory of epidemic febrile diseases,he creatively put forward the theories of "evil Qi Theory" of etiology,the evil Qi enters human body from their mouth and nose,and underly membrane;Later,Ye Tianshi’s Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases and Wu Jutong’s Differentiation of Febrile Diseases were born one after another.From the perspective of philosophical hermeneutic theory,it is still derived from the interpretation of the relevant scriptures of Huang Di Nei Jing by various doctors,and it is the recreation generated by the doctors’ own foresight(knowledge background,social times and clinical practice)and the understanding of the texts of medical classics.The improvement and self-consistency of the theory promoted the independence of the febrile disease school,The above belongs to the creative interpretation of traditional Chinese Medicine Classics,as is Yu Chang’s theory of autumn dryness;Wang Qingren’s "doubt of Zang Fu organs" is the germination of the positive thought of traditional Chinese medicine,Although there are new discoveries in the anatomical structure of human body,its interpretation and clinical theoretical application still come from Huang Di Nei Jing.3.The interpretation characteristics of the documents of Huang Di Nei Jing in the Qing Dynasty are actually an epitome of the history of the interpretation of traditional Chinese medicine.Many medical book sorting and annotation activities in history have two dimensions:the reductive interpretation of medical texts and the creative interpretation of medical theories.the practicality of traditional Chinese medicine itself,and the interpretation paradigm stipulated by Huang Di Nei Jing,The two together determine the orientation of the understanding and interpretation of medical books in the text fit and reality fit,and the reality fit is emphasized,that is,the performance of creative interpretation is more prominent,and this interpretation principle is established in Huang Di Nei Jing,and later scholars use it spontaneously but not consciously.4.Creative interpretation does not deliberately obtain a new interpretation that is different from the predecessors,but is still produced in the pursuit of the original intention of the classics,but the standard for measuring the original intention of medical classics is not in the text,but in personal practice(clinical verification).The author of Huang Di Nei Jing has realized this point,that’s why they lay down a principle that "don’t pass on secret medical technology to people who are not suitable for learning it",in the Tang Dynasty,Yang Shangshan put forward"what is obtained through text understanding is rough,and only the way of oral transmission can get the subtle truth",In the Ming Dynasty,Xu Yizong put forward "the interpretation of meaning can’t be publicized by mouth",Li zhongzi said that "the flexible and smooth use depends on my heart’s understanding".these regulations of medical interpretation,which emphasizes the ability of doctors’ own "mind understanding",has also provided an ideological"foresight" for the creative interpretation of Chinese medical theory,which makes later doctors understand and interpret the text,but not stick to the text and not blindly following the authority,which provides good conditions for the innovation of medical theory.5.The study of TCM classics must combine exegesis and hermeneutics.A correct understanding of the original meaning of classical texts is the premise of innovative interpretation.Traditional exegesis has a complete methodology and plays an important role in Text Correction and text original meaning dredging;At the same time,the medical classics text itself is open and allows the rationality of diversified interpretation.The timeless nature of the classics lies in its truth,which can answer the new problems faced by each era.However,this work is completed by the readers.We must combine the clinical practice,let our own foresight play a role,blend with the vision of the medical classics text,and realize the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine theory.Mr.Xu Jialu said:"If TCM wants to reach the same peak as Song Ming Qing period and become the mainstream medicine in China again,then we must inherit and innovate.Inheritance requires us to study the original medical classics in depth,and its essence should be promoted,and the essence of Western medicine and Chinese medicine of Tibetan,Mongolian,Uygur,Hui,Miao and Yi Nationalities can also be absorbed.The way to innovate lies in today’s technology,Since we have used their device,we should also refer to the truth,reflect on the truth of our own medicine,interrogate it,practice it,deepen it and popularize it,recognize the differences between the ancient and modern human body and the environment in the process,thus to build a contemporary theory of traditional Chinese medicine." This is the significance of this study,by referring to the Western hermeneutic theory,it sorts out the interpretation tradition of TCM classics,summarizes the characteristics of TCM classics interpretation,explores the interpretation paths of previous generations of scholars,so as to provide reference for the inheritance and innovation of TCM classics in contemporary time. |
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