Research On Collective Action Dilemma Of Herdsmen Participating In Grassland Ecological Governance

Since the late 20 th century,with the rapid development of economy and society and the rapid growth of population,grassland ecology in China has been degraded and desertified in a large area.However,the traditional administrative supervision mode and property right system design have been unable to meet the increasingly complex situation of grassland resources in China.Therefore,the academic and practical circles began to explore the effective policy scheme of grassland ecological governance from the perspective of grass-roots communities.However,in the community governance mode of grassland pastoral areas,there are also various problems in grassland ecological governance.As a kind of public resources,grassland is a kind of special group,which needs to take collective action to achieve governance benefits,but it is difficult to achieve exclusive public resources.Its degradation and gradual depletion in the final analysis is that it is difficult to form effective collective action among grassland owners.Therefore,from the perspective of micro herdsmen to explore the plight of collective action in grassland ecological governance is the key to solve the problem of grassland ecological governance.In view of this,based on the research line of "literature and theory bedding—qualitative research—quantitative research—case confirmation—policy recommendations",this paper makes a deep research on the influencing factors of collective action dilemma of herdsmen in the process of participating in grassland ecological governance,so as to promote the effective management of grassland ecology and the promotion of community-based grassland ecological governance model Provide basis.The main research contents include the following three aspects:(1)Qualitative research on collective action model of herdsmen participating in grassland ecological governance.Based on the qualitative research method of grounded theory,this paper systematically encodes the interview data from grassland pastoral areas in Qinghai Province.Through open coding,selective coding and theoretical coding,the main influencing factors of herdsmen’s collective action dilemma in the process of participating in grassland ecological governance are gradually extracted.Combined with the analysis results of grounded theory and relevant theoretical models,a collective action model of herdsmen’s participation in grassland ecological governance,including the influencing factors of collective action dilemma,herdsmen’s attributes,collective action willingness and behavior,was constructed,and an analytical framework based on "cognition-willingness-behavior" was proposed.According to the theoretical model,the following hypotheses are put forward: the influencing factors of collective action dilemma have significant negative impact on Herdsmen’s willingness and behavior of collective action,while different levels of herdsmen’s attributes have significant differences in the willingness and behavior of collective action.(2)Quantitative research on collective action model of herdsmen participating in grassland ecological governance.Based on the sample data of grassland and pastoral areas in Qinghai Province,this paper uses independent sample T test,single factor analysis of variance,correlation analysis and structural equation model to test the collective action model of herdsmen participating in grassland ecological governance.The results show that the willingness and behavior of herdsmen to participate in collective action show significant differences under different levels of gender,age,education level,health status,family monthly income level and the number of people engaged in animal husbandry production;in the direct effect,village scale,wealth gap,social capital and utilization rules have a significant negative impact on the willingness to collective action.At the same time,the village scale,the gap between the rich and the poor and the utilization rules also have a significant negative impact on the collective action behavior,but the influence of social capital on the collective action behavior is not significant,and the collective action intention has a significant positive impact on the collective action behavior;in the indirect effects,village size,the gap between the rich and the poor,social capital and utilization rules have an impact on the collective action behavior through the willingness to collective action,which plays a mediating role in this path relationship.(3)The case of empirical research confirms.This paper selects a typical case of grassland pastoral area in Qinghai Province to make the corresponding case confirmation for the empirical research conclusion.The results show that,in the villages where community governance model is implemented,the promotion of household contract responsibility system leads to the loss of grassland sharing system’s ability to plan and coordinate grazing activities;the widening gap between the rich and the poor leads to the herdsmen’s lack of motivation to achieve the orderly utilization of grassland resources through collective action;and the grass-roots government has limited financial absorptive capacity As a result,it is unable to provide effective supervision to organize herdsmen to form collective action.In view of this,combined with the empirical research conclusions of this paper,we put forward policy suggestions to solve the plight of herdsmen participating in collective action of grassland ecological governance.