Research On Governance Of Common Grassland Of Alpine Pasture Area Under The Development Of Rural Tourism

Ecological governance of degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas is the basis and premise for achieving the goal of ecological and environmental construction in Tibetan Plateau,it is also an initial way to arrive the main goal of rural revitalization and building the all-round construction of well-off society in Xi Jinping and China’s new era,whose first stage is to ensure that "socialist modernization would be basically realized" by 2025.In order to recover and renew the natural grassland,the central government carries out a series of up-bottom governance policy of grassland.Though these policies and measures have achieved some success,herdsmen have low awareness and acceptance of them,even think these policies and measures disturbed their grazing custom,ethnic culture and social networking.Lack of spontaneous support and participation by herdsmen,there is"government failure" of grassland governance policy.In the future,self-organization and self-governance is an effective option to resolve the problem of grassland degradation in alpine pasture areas.Based on 354 households’ investigation in Nam Co Lake Basin in Tibetan Plateau,this paper builds an iv-probit regression model to analyze the interaction between the development of rural tourism industry and the indigenous’ behaviors.In addition,according to field investigation and relevant literature,this paper summarizes three mechanisms which express how rural tourism affects herdsman’s behavior.Firstly,market economy has developed rapidly because of prosperous rural tourism industry,having considerable influence on herdsmen who participate in tourism industry.They change their livelihood capital and livelihood strategy,and hence they are likely to increase off take rate of herd,which radically alleviate the pressure of degraded grassland.Secondly,herdsmen have strength and deepen the social trust through participating in rural tourism in the community.As a result,the participation effectively accumulate social capital,which will improve herdsman’s willingness of grassland self-governance.Thirdly,the development of rural tourism improves herdsman’s sense of ethnic cultural identity,making them realize the market value of ethnic culture as well as the importance of environmental protection.Thus herdsmen who participate in rural tourism industry are more likely to fulfill environment-friendly utilization and governance of grassland.This paper is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction that discusses the overall structure of this paper,background of the topic,the research methods,the technical route and the main innovations and deficiencies.The second chapter includes concept definition,theoretical basis and analytical framework.Furthermore,this chapter also focuses on current tendency and research findings of the relationship between rural tourism and grassland self-governance.The third chapter is the introduction of Nam Co Lake Basin in Tibetan Plateau,including natural and geological features,social and economic characteristics,background of rural tourism and system of grassland property right.Additionally,this chapter makes descriptive statistical analysis on basic characteristics of herdsmen.The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between rural tourism and self-governance of common grassland.An economic analysis of 354 herdsman’s behavior was conducted through building a binary probit regression model.Besides,this part introduces an instrumental variable to solve endogenous effect.The fifth chapter discusses three mechanisms that express how rural tourism affects herdsman’s behavior,which based on empirical research.The sixth chapter makes an conclusion and focuses on the policy recommendations.The research results show that:(1)Resulted from its negative influence on herdsman’s grazing income,the current government-led policy of degraded grassland governance is difficult to get support of herdsmen.Therefore,the bottom-up rural governance path which starts from the micro households’ perspective and behaviors is the effective way to recover ecological grassland environment in alpine pastoral areas.(2)Because herdsman’s production decisions were significantly affected by livestock price,it is essential to improve the basic economic system and market system,in order to achieve high-quality and high-price of animal products.As a result,what the primary and crucial way to protect grassland ecosystem is herdsman’s rational behavior of grassland utilization.(3)Increasing herdsman’s participation is the premise for developing rural tourism in undeveloped area,it is also an important way to arrive the main goal of rural revitalization and improve the effort of governing degraded ecological environment.